Table 4.
Comparison of the U.S. Population of Adults Receiving Inpatient Rehabilitation for a Primary Diagnosis of TBI to the TBI Model Systems National Database Stratified by Age. (U.S. population includes the TBIMS cases): October 1, 2001 to December 31, 2010
| < 65 years old
|
65 + years old
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. TBI Rehab population | TBIMS | U.S. minus TBIMS Difference | U.S. TBI Rehab population | TBIMS | U.S. minus TBIMS Difference | |
| Age at rehabilitation admission (%) | ||||||
| 16–19 | 11.2 | 13.8 | −2.6 | -- | -- | -- |
| 20–29 | 23.8 | 29.9 | −6.1* | -- | -- | -- |
| 30–39 | 15.3 | 16.7 | −1.4 | -- | -- | -- |
| 40–49 | 19.9 | 19.3 | 0.6 | -- | -- | -- |
| 50–59 | 20.3 | 14.8 | 5.5* | -- | -- | -- |
| 60–64 | 9.5 | 5.4 | 4.1 | -- | -- | -- |
| 65–69 | -- | -- | -- | 13.1 | 24.9 | −11.8† |
| 70–79 | -- | -- | -- | 37.5 | 42.6 | −5.1* |
| 80–89 | -- | -- | -- | 41.8 | 28.7 | 13.1† |
| 90–99 | -- | -- | -- | 7.5 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
| 100 & Older | -- | -- | -- | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| Missing | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
|
| ||||||
| Gender (%) | ||||||
| Male | 74.3 | 75.6 | −1.3 | 52.7 | 57.2 | −4.5 |
| Female | 25.6 | 24.4 | 1.2 | 47.3 | 42.8 | 4.5 |
| Missing | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
|
| ||||||
| Marital status (%) | ||||||
| Never married | 50.3 | 52.2 | −1.9 | 8.3 | 7.3 | 1.0 |
| Married | 33.5 | 29.9 | 3.6 | 49.7 | 51.8 | −2.1 |
| Previously married | 13.7 | 17.8 | −4.1 | 40.5 | 40.8 | −0.3 |
| Missing | 2.5 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 1.4 |
|
| ||||||
| Race/Ethnicity (%) | 71.5 | 68.1 | 3.4 | 84.2 | 79.9 | 4.3 |
| Caucasian | 12.1 | 18.5 | −6.4* | 5.2 | 9.9 | −4.7 |
| African American | 9.3 | 9.6 | −0.3 | 4.5 | 5.9 | −1.4 |
| Hispanic | 5.4 | 3.8 | 1.6 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 0.5 |
| Other | 1.5 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 1.2 |
| Missing | 71.5 | 68.1 | 3.4 | 84.2 | 79.9 | 4.3 |
|
| ||||||
| Pre-injury living status (%) | ||||||
| Alone | 18.1 | 16.1 | 2.0 | 30.4 | 27.7 | 2.7 |
| With others | 78.2 | 82.3 | −4.1 | 64.5 | 68.3 | −3.8 |
| Other | 2.4 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 4.0 | −0.9 |
| Missing | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 1.9 |
|
| ||||||
| Pre-injury vocational status (%) | ||||||
| Employed | 51.3 | 68.1 | −17.2† | 5.0 | 16.5 | −11.5† |
| Sheltered | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | −0.1 |
| Student | 10.2 | 7.6 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 0.2 | −0.2 |
| Homemaker | 1.2 | 2.0 | −0.8 | 1.5 | 4.5 | −3.0 |
| Not working | 21.1 | 14.3 | 6.8* | 1.9 | 3.5 | −1.6 |
| Retired – any reason | 12.3 | 7.2 | 5.1* | 86.8 | 75.0 | 11.8† |
| Missing | 3.8 | 0.5 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 0.2 | 4.5 |
|
| ||||||
| Primary Payment Source for rehabilitation (%) | ||||||
| Private insurance | 55.3 | 51.6 | 3.7 | 8.8 | 19.8 | −11.0† |
| Medicare | 8.8 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 89.2 | 71.5 | 17.7† |
| Medicaid | 15.6 | 23.9 | −8.3* | 0.6 | 4.5 | −3.9 |
| Workers Compensation | 5.5 | 5.5 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 1.5 | −0.8 |
| Self- or No Pay | 10.2 | 10.8 | −0.6 | 0.2 | 1.2 | −1.0 |
| Other | 4.6 | 0.9 | 3.7 | 0.5 | 1.4 | −0.9 |
| Missing | 0.0 | 3.4 | −3.4 | 0.0 | 1.4 | −1.4 |
|
| ||||||
| Days to rehabilitation admission | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 23.3 (30.5) | 21.8 (16.7) | 1.5 | 12.6 (17.9) | 13.7 (12.7) | −1.1 |
|
| ||||||
| FIM Total at admission | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 54.6 (23.9) | 50.6 (24.1) | 4.0 | 55.4 (19.3) | 49.3 (19.8) | 6.1** |
|
| ||||||
| FIM Motor at admission | ||||||
| 13 | 9.9 | 14.8 | −4.9 | 4.5 | 8.7 | −4.2 |
| 14 through 23 | 17.0 | 19.5 | −2.5 | 16.9 | 22.0 | −5.1* |
| 24 through 33 | 13.3 | 14.4 | −1.1 | 21.0 | 22.9 | −1.9 |
| 34 through 43 | 15.9 | 14.9 | 1.0 | 24.3 | 20.3 | 4.0 |
| 44 through 53 | 19.9 | 15.7 | 4.2 | 22.4 | 14.7 | 7.7* |
| 54 through 63 | 15.6 | 10.8 | 4.8 | 9.3 | 7.0 | 2.3 |
| 64 through 73 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 1.9 | −0.6 |
| 74 through 83 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| 84 through 91 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Missing | 0.0 | 2.3 | −2.3 | 0.0 | 2.5 | −2.5 |
|
| ||||||
| FIM Cognitive at admission | ||||||
| 5 | 12.5 | 15.3 | −2.8 | 5.9 | 9.0 | −3.1 |
| 6 through 15 | 38.4 | 36.9 | 1.5 | 30.3 | 36.9 | −6.6* |
| 16 through 25 | 35.1 | 35.6 | −0.5 | 42.9 | 40.8 | 2.1 |
| 26 through 35 | 14.0 | 11.5 | 2.5 | 20.9 | 12.9 | 8.0* |
| Missing | 0.0 | 0.6 | −0.6 | 0.0 | 0.5 | −0.5 |
|
| ||||||
| Case mix group | ||||||
| 201 | 6.6 | 4.9 | 1.7 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 0.8 |
| 202 | 5.5 | 4.1 | 1.4 | 8.0 | 4.2 | 3.8 |
| 203 | 22.3 | 16.8 | 5.5* | 10.0 | 9.4 | 0.6 |
| 204 | 10.8 | 8.9 | 1.9 | 13.0 | 7.7 | 5.3* |
| 205 | 28.1 | 28.9 | −0.8 | 32.7 | 32.0 | 0.7 |
| 206 | 6.7 | 7.4 | −0.7 | 11.8 | 14.4 | −2.6 |
| 207 | 18.3 | 23.7 | −5.4* | 20.4 | 26.0 | −5.6* |
| Missing | 0.0 | 5.2 | −5.2 | 0.9 | 4.0 | −3.1 |
|
| ||||||
| Rehab-LOS in days (minus interruptions) | ||||||
| 1 through 9 | 30.2 | 17.0 | 13.2† | 27.8 | 14.7 | 13.1† |
| 10 through 19 | 34.2 | 32.9 | 1.3 | 47.7 | 38.0 | 9.7* |
| 20 through 29 | 18.3 | 21.7 | −3.4 | 18.8 | 26.0 | −7.2* |
| 30 through 39 | 7.6 | 10.3 | −2.7 | 4.1 | 9.7 | −5.6* |
| 40 through 49 | 3.9 | 5.2 | −1.3 | 1.0 | 3.8 | −2.8 |
| 50 through 59 | 2.0 | 3.3 | −1.3 | 0.3 | 2.3 | −2.0 |
| 60 through 69 | 1.2 | 2.3 | −1.1 | 0.1 | 0.7 | −0.6 |
| 70 through 79 | 0.8 | 1.2 | −0.4 | 0.1 | 0.8 | −0.7 |
| 80 through 89 | 0.5 | 0.9 | −0.4 | 0.0 | 0.3 | −0.3 |
| 90 through 99 | 0.4 | 1.5 | −1.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | −0.2 |
| 100 + | 0.8 | 1.5 | −0.7 | 0.0 | 0.3 | −0.3 |
| Missing | 0.0 | 2.8 | −2.8 | 0.0 | 3.4 | −3.4 |
| Mean (SD) | 19.8 (18.9) | 25.2 (23.8) | −5.4** | 15.1 (9.1) | 21.2 (14.3) | −6.1†† |
*
indicates differences within categorical variables with an absolute value ≥ 5% but < 10%
†
indicates differences within categorical variables with an absolute value ≥ 10%
**
indicates differences ≥ 25% but < 50% of 1 SD for the U.S. population
††
indicates differences ≥ 50% of 1 SD for the U.S. population
Rehab = Rehabilitation, TBIMS = Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database, FIM = Functional Independence Measure, C = FIM Cognitive, M = FIM Motor, LOS = length of stay