Table 3.
Distributions of participant and census tract characteristics among 737 women enrolled in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study Southern Sites
| Characteristics of participants and census tracts | Overall n (%) or Mean (SD) | HIV-infected n (%) or Mean (SD) | HIV-uninfected n (%) or Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | ||||
| Condomless vaginal intercourse1 | 312 (42.3) | 168 (31.8) | 144 (69.6) | |
| Anal intercourse | 50 (6.8) | 30 (5.7) | 20 (9.7) | |
| Condomless anal intercourse1 | 32 (4.3) | 16 (3.0) | 16 (7.8) | |
| Census tract-level characteristics | ||||
| Social disorder component | ||||
| Percent vacant housing units | 7.8 (6.3) | 7.6 (6.3) | 8.3 (6.3) | |
| Violent crimes per 1,000 residents1 | 13.7 (13.4) | 12.8 (12.1) | 16.0 (16.0) | |
| Percent poverty | 29.1 (13.6) | 28.6 (13.3) | 30.3 (14.5) | |
| Percent unemployed | 16.1 (8.0) | 15.7 (7.7) | 16.9 (8.5) | |
| Sexually transmitted infections per 1,000 residents2 | 19.1 (13.3) | 18.1 (12.5) | 21.7 (14.8) | |
| Social disadvantage component | ||||
| Percent renter-occupied housing units | 51.9 (21.7) | 50.7 (21.6) | 54.9 (21.7) | |
| Alcohol outlet density3 | 4.8 (7.6) | 4.7 (7.4) | 5.0 (8.1) | |
| Participant-level characteristics | ||||
| HIV-infected | 530 (71.9) | -- | -- | |
| Age in years | 43.7 (9.3) | 44.3 (9.1) | 42.7 (9.7) | |
| Married or living as married | 244 (33.1) | 176 (33.3) | 68 (33.0) | |
| Non-Hispanic African American | 614 (83.3) | 438 (82.6) | 176 (85.0) | |
| Annual household income of $18,000 or less | 492 (66.8) | 365 (70.8) | 127 (64.1) | |
| Quality of life index | 67.1 (20.5) | 67.6 (20.6) | 65.8 (20.2) | |
| Alcohol or illicit substance use | 279 (37.9) | 182 (34.4) | 97 (46.9) | |
| Sex exchange1 | 42 (5.7) | 16 (3.0) | 26 (12.6) | |
| Homeless1 | 47 (6.4) | 23 (4.4) | 24 (11.7) | |
Comparison by HIV staus p<0.05.
In Alabama, the number of newly identified STIs was available by ZIP code, but not census tract. ZIP-level STI counts were allocated to tracts based on the proportion of residential population using the 2015 boundaries USPS-HUD ZIP to tract crosswalk file. Twelve ZIP code-census tract combinations were not included in the crosswalk file. For these 15 participants (17% of participants with available census tract data at site), ZIP code STI prevalence was assigned to the participant census tract. We conducted sensitivity analyses, removing these participants from the analytic data set, to explore potential bias introduced by this substitution. The rounded odds ratio estimates for Final Model with and without these 15 participants were the same.
In Mississippi, off-premise liquor licensing data were available (liquor can only be purchased at package/liquor stores), but licensing data for sale of beer and wine off-premise were not publically available. As a proxy, we used non-restaurant businesses with permits to sell eggs or milk (e.g., convenience stores, pharmacies) under the oversight of the Mississippi Department of Agriculture and Commerce because these types of businesses would have refrigerated display cases and likely have the capacity to sell beer and wine.