Table 2.
Comparison of overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) by treatment, clinical, and demographic covariates for patients with stage III NSCLC treated with chemoradiation. Hazard ratios are determined from multivariate Royston-Parmar flexible parametric models.
OS | CSS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hazard Ratio | P | Adjusted P* | Hazard Ratio | P | Adjusted P* | |
Chemoradiation sequence | ||||||
Concurrent-alone | Reference | Reference | ||||
Concurrent-consolidation | 0.85 | 0.006 | 0.04 | 0.87 | 0.03 | 0.12 |
Chemoradiation regimen | ||||||
Carboplatin-paclitaxel | Reference | Reference | ||||
Cisplatin-etoposide | 1.07 | 0.40 | 0.63 | 1.04 | 0.68 | 0.88 |
Carboplatin-docetaxel | 1.02 | 0.88 | 0.94 | 1.04 | 0.75 | 0.88 |
Carboplatin-etoposide | 1.28 | 0.12 | 0.36 | 1.29 | 0.13 | 0.36 |
Carboplatin-gemcitabine | 1.92 | 0.27 | 0.48 | 1.36 | 0.67 | 0.88 |
Age | 1.01 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 1.01 | 0.03 | 0.12 |
Gender | ||||||
Male | Reference | Reference | ||||
Female | 0.92 | 0.17 | 0.38 | 0.96 | 0.59 | 0.87 |
Race | ||||||
White | Reference | Reference | ||||
Black | 0.91 | 0.45 | 0.64 | 0.88 | 0.32 | 0.61 |
Hispanic | 0.82 | 0.27 | 0.48 | 0.93 | 0.69 | 0.88 |
Other | 0.96 | 0.78 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.89 | 0.94 |
Marital status | ||||||
Unmarried | Reference | Reference | ||||
Married | 1.09 | 0.19 | 0.40 | 1.15 | 0.05 | 0.16 |
Educational attainment of area (≥4 years college) | ||||||
1st quartile | Reference | Reference | ||||
2nd quartile | 0.96 | 0.67 | 0.90 | 0.97 | 0.76 | 0.88 |
3rd quartile | 0.95 | 0.58 | 0.81 | 0.96 | 0.71 | 0.88 |
4th quartile | 1.05 | 0.69 | 0.90 | 1.03 | 0.78 | 0.88 |
Median income of area | ||||||
1st quartile | Reference | Reference | ||||
2nd quartile | 1.11 | 0.20 | 0.41 | 1.13 | 0.19 | 0.43 |
3rd quartile | 1.21 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 1.27 | 0.020 | 0.11 |
4th quartile | 1.03 | 0.82 | 0.94 | 1.07 | 0.59 | 0.87 |
Modified Charlson comorbidity | ||||||
0 | Reference | Reference | ||||
1 | 1.10 | 0.16 | 0.38 | 1.06 | 0.43 | 0.75 |
2 | 1.17 | 0.17 | 0.38 | 1.08 | 0.53 | 0.87 |
≥3 | 1.17 | 0.29 | 0.49 | 1.21 | 0.22 | 0.48 |
Performance score proxy | ||||||
0 | Reference | Reference | ||||
1 | 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.91 | 0.94 |
≥2 | 1.04 | 0.84 | 0.94 | 1.13 | 0.56 | 0.87 |
COPD | ||||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||||
Yes | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 1.04 | 0.62 | 0.88 |
Home oxygen use | ||||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||||
Yes | 1.17 | 0.17 | 0.38 | 1.01 | 0.92 | 0.94 |
Tumor size | ||||||
≤2 cm | Reference | Reference | ||||
2.1–3 cm | 1.02 | 0.85 | 0.94 | 1.05 | 0.70 | 0.88 |
3.1–5 cm | 1.26 | 0.040 | 0.22 | 1.33 | 0.020 | 0.11 |
5.1–7 cm | 1.17 | 0.21 | 0.42 | 1.20 | 0.16 | 0.39 |
≥7 cm | 1.57 | 0.0006 | 0.007 | 1.66 | 0.0004 | 0.005 |
Nodal status | ||||||
N0 | Reference | Reference | ||||
N1 | 1.30 | 0.11 | 0.36 | 1.37 | 0.06 | 0.20 |
N2 | 1.18 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 1.14 | 0.17 | 0.39 |
N3 | 1.35 | 0.005 | 0.04 | 1.37 | 0.007 | 0.05 |
Histology | ||||||
Adenocarcinoma | Reference | Reference | ||||
Squamous cell | 1.02 | 0.76 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.77 | 0.88 |
Other | 0.99 | 0.88 | 0.94 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
Diagnostic PET done | ||||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||||
Yes | 0.90 | 0.08 | 0.30 | 0.85 | 0.02 | 0.11 |
Brain CT/MR done | ||||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||||
Yes | 1.09 | 0.15 | 0.38 | 1.05 | 0.45 | 0.76 |
Invasive mediastinal staging performed | ||||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||||
Yes | 0.84 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.85 | 0.03 | 0.12 |
Radiation type | ||||||
IMRT | Reference | Reference | ||||
3D-CRT | 0.93 | 0.42 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.33 | 0.61 |
Radiation facility type | ||||||
Freestanding center | Reference | Reference | ||||
Hospital-based center | 1.06 | 0.44 | 0.64 | 1.09 | 0.29 | 0.60 |
Hospital-based NCI center | 0.94 | 0.36 | 0.59 | 0.99 | 0.91 | 0.94 |
Area radiation oncologist density | ||||||
1st quartile | Reference | Reference | ||||
2nd quartile | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.34 | 0.61 |
3rd quartile | 0.90 | 0.26 | 0.48 | 0.86 | 0.12 | 0.35 |
4th quartile | 0.88 | 0.16 | 0.38 | 0.81 | 0.03 | 0.12 |
Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p values.
Abbreviations: HR = hazard ratio; 3D-CRT = 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy; IMRT = intensity-modulated radiation therapy; ET = positron emission tomography; NCI = National Cancer Institute.