Figure 11.

Typical SEM images of the templates used in this work for HeLa cell cultures: (a) Si templates with large angle ZnO nanorods; (b) Si templates with vertically-aligned, closed-packed ZnO nanorods; (c) Si₃N₄ template with vertically-aligned ZnO nanorods; (d) emulated MEA with Al patterns and ZnO nanoleaves; and (e) emulated MEA with Pt patterns and ZnO vertically-aligned nanorods. Insets: higher magnification images to exhibit in more detail the morphological characteristics of the ZnO nanostructures.