Table 2. Comparison of clinical characteristics of the Chinese biopsy cohort and Prostate Biopsy Collaborative Group cohorts.
| Name of cohort | Location | Type of cohort |
Indication for biopsy | Biopsy scheme | Age (years) | PSA (ng/mL) | Prostate volume (mL) |
Prostate cancer (%) |
Biopsy Gleason grade | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| ≤6 | 7 | ≥8 | NA | |||||||||
| Chinese Biopsy Cohort | China, Nationwide | Clinical | PSA ≥4ng/mL or abnormal DRE; Positive ultrasound or MRI result | 6-, 8-, 10-, 12-core and saturation biopsy (≥22 cores) takes 11%, 19%, 28%, 36% and 4%, respectively. | 70 (63,76) | 13.5 (8.1-32.1) | 44 (31, 65) | 6123 (44%) | 1295 (21%) | 2319 (38%) | 2371 (39%) | 138 (2.3%) |
| Cleveland Clinic | Cleveland, OH | Clinical | Elevated PSA, abnormal DRE,rapid rise in PSA | Primarily >=8-core | 64 (58, 69) | 5.75 (4.31, 8.50) | 42 (30, 58) | 1,292 (39%) | 669 (52%) | 478 (37%) | 145 (11%) | 0 (0%) |
| Durham VA | Durham, NC | Clinical | Elevated PSA, abnormal DRE | 6, 10, or 10–15-core* | 63 (59, 66) | 4.35 (3.50, 6.20) | NA | 2,570 (35%) | 1,703 (66%) | 729 (28%) | 138 (5%) | 0 (0%) |
| ProtecT | United Kingdom | Screening§ | PSA ≥3 ng/mL | 6, 10 or 12-core | 63 (57, 68) | 4.21 (2.80, 6.79) | 35 (27, 46) | 1,562 (28%) | 911 (58%) | 319 (20%) | 332 (21%) | 195 (12%) |
| Tyrol | Austria | Screening§ | PSA ≥1.25 ng/mL, percent free PSA, abnormal DRE | 10-core | 64 (59, 69) | 5.17 (3.71, 8.27) | NA | 1,148 (47%) | 606 (53%) | 387 (34%) | 155 (14%) | 14 (1%) |
| ERSPC Göteborg Round 1 | Sweden | Screening | PSA ≥3 ng/mL | 6-core | 61 (58, 64) | 4.65 (3.68, 6.72) | 39 (30, 51) | 192 (26%) | 152 (79%) | 33 (17%) | 7 (4%) | 0 (0%) |
| ERSPC Göteborg Round 2-6 | Sweden | Screening | PSA ≥3 ng/mL | 6-core | 63 (61, 67) | 3.56 (3.17, 4.26) | 37 (30, 47) | 322 (26%) | 269 (84%) | 45 (14%) | 8 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| ERSPC Rotterdam Round 1 | The Netherlands | Screening | PSA ≥3 ng/mL or PSA ≥4 ng/mL, depending on year | 6-core | 66 (62, 70) | 5.03 (3.93, 7.31) | 46 (35, 60) | 800 (28%) | 508 (63%) | 234 (29%) | 58 (7%) | 6 (1%) |
| ERSPC Rotterdam Round 2-3 | The Netherlands | Screening | PSA ≥3 ng/mL or PSA ≥4 ng/mL | 6-core | 67 (63, 71) | 3.45 (2.94, 4.33) | 44 (35, 54) | 388 (26%) | 297 (77%) | 78 (20%) | 13 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| ERSPC Tarn Round 1 | France | Screening | PSA ≥3 ng/mL | Primarily 10 to 12-core | 64 (60, 67) | 4.45 (3.53, 5.98) | NA | 96 (32%) | 42 (44%) | 37 (39%) | 17 (18%) | 3 (3%) |
| SABOR | San Antonio, TX | Screening | PSA ≥2.5 ng/mL, abnormal DRE, or family history | 10–12-core | 63 (58, 68) | 3.42 (1.44, 5.40) | NA | 133 (34%) | 95 (71%) | 28 (21%) | 10 (8%) | 3 (2%) |
| PCPT | US | Screening | PSA ≥4ng/mL or abnormal DRE for “for cause” biopsies; end of study biopsy offered to all men | Primarily 6 core | ||||||||
ERSPC: European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer; ProtecT: Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment; SABOR: San Antonio Center of Biomarkers of Risk for Prostate Cancer; PCPT: Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Data were not received from the PCPT for this study, the relationship between risk and PSA for the PCPT was obtained using the PCPT risk calculator. §Not formally established as a screening cohort, but involved population-based PSA testing.