TABLE 3.

Comparison of condylar and rami changes (T1–T0) in Herbst appliance and Comparison groups (t test and ANCOVA^a).

ROI	Coordinates	Groups	Mean	SD	Mean difference	CI 95%		T test P value	F Groups	F SNGoGn
Condyle Superior	X	HAG	0.53	0.48	0.07	−0.19	0.38	.500	0.075	2.752
		CG	0.46	0.29
	Y	HAG	1.90	1.07	1.21	0.41	1.87	.003	9.061**	2.040
		CG	0.69	1.05
	Z	HAG	2.58	0.99	0.93	0.14	1.60	.020	4.873*	0.133
		CG	1.65	1.16
	3D	HAG	3.45	1.20	1.44	0.49	2.21	.003	7.379*	0.734
		CG	2.01	1.4
Condyle Lateral	X	HAG	0.66	0.66	0.20	−0.14	1.04	.130	2.115	0.728
		CG	0.46	0.38
	Y	HAG	0.96	0.59	0.64	0.28	0.99	.001	12.481**	2.099
		CG	0.32	0.38
	Z	Herbst	2.40	1.19	0.80	0.31	1.67	.005	6.452*	0.541
		CG	1.6	1.12
	3D	HAG	2.28	1.06	1.05	0.37	2.08	.006	7.148*	2.678
		CG	1.23	0.89
Condyle Medial	X	HAG	0.91	0.50	0.17	−0.30	0.99	.284	0.488	2.740
		CG	0.74	0.50
	Y	HAG	2.27	1.44	1.30	0.42	2.25	.005	6.650*	1.038
		CG	0.97	1.11
	Z	HAG	1.80	0.79	0.53	0.03	1.05	.066	1.393	0.406
		CG	1.27	0.79
	3D	HAG	2.30	1.39	0.48	0.27	1.04	.178	0.472	0.579
		CG	1.82	1.25
Condyle Anterior	X	HAG	0.45	0.38	0.03	−0.37	0.16	.443	5.376*	1.486
		CG	0.48	0.32
	Y	HAG	1.85	1.13	1.11	0.40	1.87	.003	8.023**	2.932
		CG	0.74	0.91
	Z	HAG	1.81	0.98	0.65	0.09	1.25	.023	6.630*	0.154
		CG	1.16	0.75
	3D	HAG	2.70	1.21	1.31	0.52	2.01	.001	11.640**	3.294
		CG	1.39	1.04
Condyle Posterior	X	HAG	1.25	0.88	0.40	0.05	1.12	.051	2.616	0.626
		CG	0.85	0.77
	Y	HAG	1.20	0.87	0.57	0.09	1.21	.022	2.696	0.321
		CG	0.52	0.60
	Z	HAG	2.26	0.85	0.68	0.07	1.41	.029	3.234	0.000
		CG	1.50	0.77
	3D	HAG	2.75	1.20	1.20	0.32	2.05	.008	5.003*	0.413
		CG	1.55	1.20
Rami Neck	X	HAG	0.85	0.58	0.14	−0.08	0.61	.131	0.313	0.993
		CG	0.71	0.54
	Y	HAG	0.72	0.53	0.46	0.01	0.68	.059	2.704	0.816
		CG	0.26	0.18
	Z	HAG	1.03	0.50	0.14	−0.58	0.58	.996	0.007	0.147
		CG	0.89	0.63
	3D	HAG	1.29	0.85	0.16	−0.51	0.89	.597	0.025	0.002
		CG	1.13	0.94
Rami Posterior	X	HAG	0.63	0.67	0.17	−0.19	0.57	.324	0.007	0.031
		CG	0.46	0.26
	Y	HAG	0.84	0.47	0.60	0.32	0.90	.001	20.224**	0.230
		CG	0.24	0.13
	Z	HAG	0.93	0.89	0.37	−1.32	0.81	.614	9.995**	0.751
		CG	0.56	0.34
	3D	HAG	1.49	0.99	0.31	−0.67	1.38	.487	5.687*	0.113
		CG	1.18	0.9

Entries in bold highlight the comparison in which significant difference was found.

^aANCOVA indicates analysis of covariance; SD, standard deviation; CI 95%, confidence interval of 95%; X, mesial-lateral; Y, anterior-posterior; Z superior-inferior; (+), rightward, forward, downward, clockwise rotation; (−), leftward, backward, upward, counterclockwise rotation,

^*P<.05;

^**P<.01.