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. 2017 Jul 1;23(3):363–369. doi: 10.5056/jnm16122

Table 3.

List of Food Items That Frequently or Occasionally Induced Typical Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms and Percentage of the Patients in Possible Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Cases

Possible GERD patients (n = 17)

Frequent inducers Frequent or occasional inducers


Food items Patients (%) Food items Patients (%)
Hot spicy stews 76.9 Fried foods 88.9
Fried foods 66.7 Hot spicy stews 84.6
Doughnuts 66.7 Topokki 81.8
Breads 62.5 Breads 81.3
Ramen noodles 57.1 Pizzas 77.8
Coffee 57.1 Rice cakes 73.3
Pizzas 55.6 Coffee 71.4
Topokki 54.5 Doughnuts 66.7
Rice cakes 53.3 Ramen noodles 64.3
Champon 50.0 Hotdogs 62.5
Hotdogs 50.0 Cola 60.0
Oranges 58.3
Champon 57.1
Alcohols 57.1
Hamburgers 57.1
Jajangmyeon 55.6
Hand-pulled dough soup 53.8
Dumplings 50.0
Red beans 50.0
Green tea 50.0
Rice cake soups 50.0

GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease.