Table 1.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies Published in Literature Using Rectal Balloon Distension Stimuli Clearly Depicting the Predominance of Female Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients
| Reference | Number of IBS patients | Number of healthy controls | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
|
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| Total | Female | Male | Brain areas activated | Total | Female | Male | Brain areas activated | |
| Wilder-Smith et al,12 2004 | 10 (IBS-C = 5, IBS-D = 5) | 10 | 0 | PCC, insula, SI, SII, OFC, amygdala, HC | 10 | 10 | 0 | PFC, insula, thalamus, OFC, ACC, PCC, SI, SII |
| Andresen et al,22 2005 | 8 (IBS-A = 3, IBS-D = 5) | 5 | 3 | Thalamus, insula, SI, SII, AmCC, PFC, amygdala, HC | 8 | 3 | 5 | Thalamus, insula, SI, SII, ACC, AmCC, PFC |
| Berman et al,23 2008 | 17 | 17 | 0 | Insula, ACC, BS, amygdala | 15 | 15 | 0 | Insula, ACC |
| Mertz et al,24 2000 | 18 | 16 | 2 | ACC, PFC, insula, thalamus, CE | 16 | 14 | 2 | PFC, insula, thalamus |
| Verne et al,11 2003 | 9 (IBS-C = 3, IBS-D = 6) | 6 | 3 | Insula, PFC, CC, thalamus, SI, SII | 9 | 6 | 3 | Insula, CC, thalamus, SI, SII |
| Yuan et al,18 2003 | 26 | 14 | 12 | ACC, PFC, insula, thalamus | 11 | 5 | 6 | |
| Elsenbruch et al,25 2010 | 15 | 15 | 0 | Insula, MCC, PFC | 12 | 12 | 0 | Insula, PFC, ACC |
| Hall et al,20 2010 | 7 | 7 | 0 | ACC, insula, PFC, precuneus | 6 | 6 | 0 | Thalamus, insula, MFC |
| Song et al,19 2006 | 12 | 12 | 0 | Insula, thalamus, IFC, SI, CE, HC | 12 | 12 | 0 | ACC, IFC, MFC, insula, thalamus, CE, SI, SII |
| Bonaz et al,26 2002 | 12 | 11 | 1 | Insula, amygdala, striatum | - | - | - | |
| Moisset et al,27 2010 | - | - | - | 11 | 11 | 0 | Insula, SI, SII, PFC, ACC, CE, striatum, thalamus | |
| Lawal et al,10 2006 | 10 (IBS-D = 10) | 10 | 0 | Insula, PFC, CC | 10 | 10 | 0 | |
| Larsson et al,28 2012 | 44 | 44 | 0 | PFC, insula, HC, | 20 | 20 | 0 | |
| Bernstein et al,29 2002 | 6 | 4 | 2 | ACC, SI, SII | 6 | 0 | 6 | ACC, FC |
IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; IBS-C, constipation-predominant IBS; IBS-D, diarrhea-predominant IBS; IBS-A, alternating IBS; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; SI, primary sensory cortex; SII, secondary sensory cortex; OFC, orbito-frontal cortex; HC, hippocampus; PFC, prefrontal cortex; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; AmCC, anteromedial cingulate cortex; BS, brainstem; CE, cerebellum; CC, cingulate cortex; MCC, mid cingulate cortex; MFC, middle frontal cortex; IFC, inferior frontal cortex; FC, frontal cortex.
Published journal articles on functional MRI of brain in IBS patients and healthy controls using rectal balloon distension stimuli are included in Table 1. These articles were searched via PubMed with terms rectal balloon distension, IBS and fMRI.