Table 5.
Association between dietary fiber intake, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use, and colorectal cancer risk by race/ethnicity in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, 1993–20121
| African American | Native Hawaiian | Japanese American | Latino | White | pinteraction4 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||
| Cases | HR (95% CI)2 | Cases | HR (95% CI)2 | Cases | HR (95% CI)2 | Cases | HR (95% CI)2 | Cases | HR (95% CI)2 | ||
| Dietary fiber (g/1,000 kcal) | |||||||||||
| Men | |||||||||||
| <8.1 | 71 | 1.00 (ref) | 72 | 1.00 (ref) | 355 | 1.00 (ref) | 74 | 1.00 (ref) | 131 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.26 |
| 8.1–<10.2 | 77 | 1.00 (0.72–1.40) | 32 | 0.89 (0.57–1.40) | 188 | 0.86 (0.71–1.04) | 104 | 0.80 (0.58–1.09) | 100 | 0.88 (0.67–1.16) | |
| 10.2–<12.4 | 67 | 0.94 (0.65–1.35) | 24 | 1.04 (0.61–1.79) | 148 | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | 92 | 0.57 (0.41–0.79) | 89 | 0.91 (0.67–1.24) | |
| 12.4–<15.3 | 46 | 0.74 (0.48–1.12) | 15 | 0.95 (0.48–1.88) | 106 | 0.94 (0.72–1.22) | 104 | 0.58 (0.41–0.82) | 83 | 1.07 (0.76–1.49) | |
| ≥15.3 | 52 | 0.86 (0.54–1.36) | 4 | 0.36 (0.12–1.14) | 58 | 0.83 (0.58–1.18) | 94 | 0.51 (0.34–0.76) | 52 | 0.85 (0.56–1.29) | |
| ptrend | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.42 | 0.0012 | 0.75 | ||||||
| Women | |||||||||||
| <8.1 | 70 | 1.00 (ref) | 43 | 1.00 (ref) | 93 | 1.00 (ref) | 15 | 1.00 (ref) | 52 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.36 |
| 8.1–<10.2 | 71 | 0.68 (0.48–0.95) | 22 | 0.64 (0.38–1.10) | 128 | 1.01 (0.77–1.33) | 46 | 1.32 (0.73–2.37) | 74 | 0.96 (0.67–1.39) | |
| 10.2–<12.4 | 84 | 0.65 (0.46–0.90) | 21 | 0.72 (0.40–1.30) | 147 | 1.04 (0.79–1.37) | 64 | 1.21 (0.68–2.15) | 90 | 0.97 (0.67–1.40) | |
| 12.4–<15.3 | 107 | 0.71 (0.51–0.99) | 15 | 0.49 (0.24–0.98) | 152 | 1.01 (0.75–1.36) | 95 | 1.22 (0.69–2.15) | 93 | 0.88 (0.60–1.29) | |
| ≥15.3 | 128 | 0.68 (0.47–0.98) | 20 | 0.92 (0.43–1.95) | 123 | 0.86 (0.61–1.23) | 85 | 0.74 (0.40–1.35) | 99 | 0.79 (0.52–1.21) | |
| ptrend | 0.24 | 0.61 | 0.37 | 0.0086 | 0.20 | ||||||
| MHT use3 | |||||||||||
| Never | 232 | 1.00 (ref) | 57 | 1.00 (ref) | 299 | 1.00 (ref) | 151 | 1.00 (ref) | 164 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.049 |
| Past | 135 | 1.04 (0.84–1.29) | 29 | 0.93 (0.59–1.47) | 145 | 0.68 (0.56–0.84) | 84 | 0.97 (0.74–1.27) | 138 | 0.85 (0.68–1.08) | |
| Current | 70 | 0.87 (0.66–1.14) | 19 | 0.74 (0.43–1.25) | 176 | 0.75 (0.62–0.90) | 60 | 0.83 (0.61–1.12) | 96 | 0.60 (0.46–0.78) | |
1
Excluding participants with missing information on covariates.
2
Adjusted for age at cohort entry, family history of colorectal cancer, history of colorectal polyp, BMI, pack-years of cigarette smoking, multivitamin use, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, vigorous physical activity, menopausal status and MHT use as a time-dependent variable for women only, alcohol consumption, total energy, red meat, calcium, folate, and vitamin D.
3
Among postmenopausal women.
4
Test of interaction between race/ethnicity and the dietary fiber trend variable.