Table 1. Clinical characteristics of subjects.
| Group | Healthy control | Onset | T2DM without DKD | DKD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 56.50 [53.75-58.50] | 60.00 [56.75-65.00] | 63.50 [56.50-67.40] | 57.50[54.35-61.20] |
| Gender male (%) | 17(56.67) | 14 (46.7) | 18 (60.0) | 16 (53.33) |
| Duration (months) | — | 4.93 ±3.18 | 101.90± 52.87 | 114.97 ± 53.60 |
| Smoking (%) | 5 (16.67) | 10 (33.33) | 7 (23.33) | 4 (13.33) |
| BMI (kg/cm2) | 22.21±2.07 | 25.51 ± 3.44 | 24.36 ± 3.35 | 25.30 ± 3.58 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 112.57 ± 8.65 | 118.20± 9.07 | 131.27 ± 16.26* | 136.97 ± 14.60* |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 72.00 ± 7.85 | 73.80 ± 7.12 | 76.57 ± 9.22 | 82.83 ± 7.72 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.13 ± 0.75 | 4.53 ± 0.80 | 4.80 ± 1.45 | 4.99 ± 1.40* |
| TG(mmol/L) | 1.15 ± 0.26 | 1.58 ± 0.43* | 1.28 ± 0.26 | 1.98 ± 1.36* |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.31 ± 0.32 | 1.12± 0.29 | 1.15 ± 0.25 | 1.11 ± 0.21* |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.23 ±0.43 | 2.73 ± 0.54 | 2.89 ± 0.90 | 2.96 ± 0.99 |
| OGTT FPG (mmol/l) | 5.15 [4.90–5.30] | 7.27 [6.74–8.23]* | 5.55 [4.77–7.24]* | 7.33 [5.86–8.14]* |
| OGTT 2hPG (mmol/l) | 6.05 [5.88–6.30] | 11.13 [8.89–15.27]* | 10.10 [7.08–12.18]* | 11.05 [8.73–14.23]* |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.20 [5.08–5.33] | 7.55 [6.30–8.53]* | 7.05 [6.18–8.23]* | 8.25 [7.58–9.10]* |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 65.27 ± 8.15 | 62.12 ± 4.59 | 67.93 ± 10.47 | 104.77 ± 25.90* |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.50 ± 0.73 | 4.55 ± 0.62 | 4.90 ±1.30 | 6.18 ± 1.46* |
| UA (mg/24h) | 11.90 [4.75-17.26] | 15.30 [11.52-22.75] | 23.10 [14.98-26.30] | 65.10 [31.44-150.0]* |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 105.20 ± 11.34 | 106.21 ± 12.99 | 100.73 ± 10.86 | 63.53 ± 19.10* |
| CCr (ml/min) | 97.02 ± 17.58 | 103.64 ± 16.77 | 98.57 ± 20.39 | 60.72 ± 22.79* |
| Human PSP (ng/ml) | 14.16 ± 4.04 | 18.74 ± 3.84* | 25.84 ± 10.49* | 50.32± 20.21* |
Clinical characteristics of different groups of subjects. Data are expressed as mean ± SD or as percentages for normal distribution. Non-normally distributed values are presented as median (IQR). BMI, body mass index; Systolic BP, systolic blood pressure; Diastolic BP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, Triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; FPG, Fasting plasma glucose; 2hPG, 2h plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c;BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, urinary albumin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtrations rate; CCr, Creatinine Clearance Rate.*p < 0.05 compared with healthy control.