Figure 1. MDSCs of human bladder cancer are defined as CD11b+CD33lowHLA-DR−CD3− cells.

(A) Flow cytometry was performed on freshly isolated PBMCs from BC patients. Morphological characterization of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) sorted and analyzed by Giemsa staining. (B) Circulating CD11b⁺CD33^lowHLA-DR⁻CD3⁻ cells suppress autologous T cell proliferation at a 2:1 T cell/MDSC ratio (*P < 0.05). (C) MDSCs (CD11b^low CD33^lowHLA-DR⁻CD3⁻) were accumulated in tumor tissue of BC patients. (D) MDSCs (CD11b^low CD33^lowHLA-DR⁻CD3⁻) were dramatically higher in patients at stage of Ta-T1 than those at stage of T2-T4 (***P < 0.01).