The figure demonstrates the impact of VL assay measurement errors on individual testing (IND; circles), MP (triangles), MPA (squares) and mMPA (plus signs). CD4 is used as a risk score for mMPA. The impact of measurement error on pooling deconvolution is quantified in terms of (a) sensitivity, (b) specificity, (c) PPV, and (d) NPV. The measurement error is assumed to have a log normal distribution with a zero mean and a standard deviation of 0.12 on the log10 scale. PPV = positive predictive value. NPV = negative predictive value.