Table 2.

Cox proportional hazard models of medication use and overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer

Medication class	Number (%) of patients	Model 1 * HR (95% CI)	Model 2 ** HR (95% CI)
Individual medication class
Beta-blocker	5209 (38.0%)	0.92 (0.88, 0.95)	0.90 (0.85,0.95)
Statin	4720 (35.5%)	0.96 (0.93, 1.00)	0.98 (0.92, 1.04)
Insulin	2319 (16.9%)	0.79 (0.75, 0.82)	0.87 (0.82, 0.92)
Metformin	2277 (16.6%)	0.94 (0.89, 0.98)	1.02 (0.93, 1.11)
Thiazolidinedione	1037 (7.6%)	1.03 (0.97, 1.10)	1.08 (1.00, 1.17)
Warfarin	1857 (13.6)	0.88 (0.83, 0.92)	0.90 (0.85, 0.95)
Heparin	746 (5.4%)	0.75 (0.70, 0.81)	0.75 (0.69, 0.82)
Combination drug class
Beta-blocker/statin	2590 (18.9)	0.93 (0.89, 0.98)	1.05 (0.97, 1.15)
Metformin/statin	1255 (9.2%)	0.95 (0.89, 1.01)	1.00 (0.90, 1.11)
Beta-blocker/metformin	1094 (8.0%)	0.90 (0.84, 0.96)	0.99 (0.89, 1.10)

HR (95% CI) - hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)

^*Model 1- univariate Cox regression analysis

^**Model 2- multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, race, stage, site, and Charlson comorbidity index