Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2017 Jul 10;7:4942. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05232-0

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in microglia is controlled by Drp1 signaling and evokes mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Primary microglial cultures were incubated without LPS (Cont) or with LPS for 2 (2hr), 6 (6hr) and 12 hr (12hr), and subjected to Western blotting analyses for total Drp1 and Drp1 activated by the phosphorylation at Ser616 (p-Drp1) or MitoSOX analyses to detect mitochondrial ROS (a). Primary microglial cultures were stimulated by LPS for 2 hr with or without an inhibitor for Drp1 (Mdivi-1) or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and subjected to immunostaining or MitoSOX analyses (a). Western blotting of phosphorylated Drp1 and total Drp1 following LPS stimulation. (b). Representative images (c,d) and measured lengths (e) of TOM20-immunopositive mitochondrial profiles are shown. N = 2672 (Cont), 5040 (Vehicle), and 2820 (Mdivi-1) mitochondria in (e). MitoSOX images of primary microglial cultures without the LPS stimulation (Cont, f) or with the LPS stimulation for 2 (2hr, g), 6 (6hr, h) or 12 (12hr, i) hr are shown and quantified (j). N = 287 (control), 444 (LPS 2hr), 318 (LPS 6hr) and 309 (LPS 12hr) cells. Each dot represents each cell. Representative images (k,l) and the mean fluorescence intensity (m) of MitoSOX in microglial cultures 2 hr after LPS stimulation with (l) or without (k) Mdivi-1 treatment. N = 336 (Cont), 306 (Vehicle) and N = 297 (Mdivi-1) cells. Representative images (n–p) and measured mitochondrial length (r) after 2hr (n,p) or 12hr (o,q) LPS stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) with (p,q) or without (n,o) NAC treatment. N = 173 (Cont), 570 (2hr-Vehicle), 411 (12hr-Vehicle), 572 (2hr-NAC), and 364 (12hr-NAC) mitochondria in (r). ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 and n.s.: not significant in the U-test. Medians (e,j,m,p, bars) with quartile ranges (e,p, boxes; j,m, whiskers) are shown. Bars: 20 μm (c,d, n-q), 50 μm (f–i, k,l).