Fig. 3.

Seed germination, physiological investigation, root elongation, and plant morphology in heterologous OsbHLH068-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis and the complemented transformant. a The seed germination rates in the Atnced3 mutant, 35S::LfNCED3 transformant, Atbhlh112 mutant, Col-0, two OsbHLH068-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis lines, and three complemented transformants on day 2. b The levels of MDA (upper panel) and H₂O₂ (lower panel) in the Atbhlh112 mutant, Col-0, two OsbHLH068-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis lines, and three complemented transformants. c The root lengths of the Atnced3 mutant, 35S::LfNCED3 transformant, Atbhlh112 mutant, Col-0, and two OsbHLH068-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis lines. d Phenotypic comparison of the 15-day-old Atnced3 mutant, 35S::LfNCED3 transformant, Atbhlh112 mutant, Col-0, and two OsbHLH068-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis lines grown under LD conditions. e The fresh and dry weights of Atnced3 mutant, 35S::LfNCED3 transformant, Atbhlh112 mutant, Col-0, and two OsbHLH068-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis lines. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01, Student’s t-test. The ABA-deficient mutant, Atnced3, and the ABA over-accumulating 35S::LfNCED3 transformant were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Atbhlh112 mutant, SALK_148540