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. 2017 Jul 11;8:1155. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01155

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the double path of pain management: Pharmacological interventions, by modulating the activity of pain pathways, may be regarded as bottom-up procedures, while hypnosis may be regarded as a top-down intervention, by altering anxiety and pain through mental activity on the neuromatrix and limbic system. Both of them modulate the stress response.