Table 2.
Partial correlations between character strengths measured at time 1 (t1) and well-being measured at t1 and time 2 (t2).
| Character strengths at t1 | SWB t1/t2 | PWB t1/t2 | Relationships t1/t2 | Engagement t1/t2 | Meaning t1/t2 | Mastery t1/t2 | Autonomy t1/t2 | Optimism t1/t2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) WISDOM AND KNOWLEDGE | ||||||||
| Creativity | 0.04/−0.05 | 0.28**/0.09 | 0.10/0.08 | 0.29**/0.10 | 0.14/0.04 | 0.41**/0.16 | 0.09/−0.08 | 0.05/−0.12 |
| Curiosity | 0.39**/0.34** | 0.52**/0.48** | 0.30**/0.37** | 0.49**/0.53** | 0.38**/0.34** | 0.57**/0.43** | 0.04/0.20* | 0.33**/0.29** |
| Open-mindedness | −0.04/−0.12 | 0.11/0.11 | −0.07/−0.01 | 0.04/0.08 | 0.15/0.14 | 0.32**/0.22* | −0.05/0.09 | −0.05/−0.07 |
| Love of learning | 0.13/0.00 | 0.22*/0.02 | 0.07/−0.06 | 0.16/0.03 | 0.15/0.05 | 0.28**/0.06 | 0.12/0.24* | 0.13/−0.09 |
| Perspective | 0.04/−0.06 | 0.13/0.08 | −0.10/−0.03 | 0.06/0.05 | 0.14/0.07 | 0.32**/0.20* | 0.08/0.01 | 0.06/−0.01 |
| (2) COURAGE | ||||||||
| Authenticity | 0.17/0.10 | 0.47**/0.35** | 0.35**/0.25** | 0.31**/0.26** | 0.31**/0.26** | 0.44**/0.37** | 0.19/0.23* | 0.20*/0.13 |
| Bravery | 0.02/−0.03 | 0.17/0.13 | −0.05/0.04 | 0.20*/0.11 | 0.24*/0.04 | 0.30**/0.26** | 0.06/0.08 | 0.01/−0.10 |
| Persistence | 0.15/0.17 | 0.43**/0.44** | 0.28**/0.24** | 0.31**/0.41** | 0.37**/0.33** | 0.40**/0.48** | 0.18/0.28** | 0.17/0.25** |
| Zest | 0.51**/0.42** | 0.56**/0.53** | 0.42**/0.48** | 0.57**/0.57** | 0.50**/0.43** | 0.46**/0.40** | −0.09/0.16 | 0.48**/0.33** |
| (3) HUMANITY | ||||||||
| Kindness | 0.10/−0.04 | 0.40**/0.30** | 0.35**/0.30** | 0.24*/0.22* | 0.19*/0.14 | 0.38**/0.28** | 0.06/0.16 | 0.18/0.05 |
| Love | 0.41**/0.21* | 0.38**/0.35** | 0.31**/0.33** | 0.24*/0.18 | 0.32**/0.35** | 0.27**/0.29** | 0.10/0.10 | 0.29**/0.19* |
| Social intelligence | 0.17/0.16 | 0.34**/0.33** | 0.22*/0.29** | 0.24*/0.22* | 0.25**/0.25** | 0.38**/0.33** | 0.01/0.03 | 0.10/0.15 |
| (4) JUSTICE | ||||||||
| Fairness | 0.22*/0.00 | 0.43**/0.27** | 0.30**/0.25* | 0.31**/0.21* | 0.29**/0.17 | 0.43**/0.24* | 0.12/0.17 | 0.24*/0.02 |
| Leadership | 0.15/−0.10 | 0.31**/0.25** | 0.24*/0.23* | 0.24*/0.21* | 0.28**/0.15 | 0.29**/0.29** | 0.05/0.07 | 0.06/−0.08 |
| Teamwork | 0.19*/−0.05 | 0.39**/0.28** | 0.37**/0.38** | 0.28**/0.26** | 0.24*/0.07 | 0.27**/0.17 | 0.13/0.05 | 0.20*/0.08 |
| (5) TEMPERANCE | ||||||||
| Forgiveness | 0.18/0.06 | 0.20*/0.15 | 0.19*/0.13 | 0.21*/0.17* | 0.10/0.08 | 0.09/0.06 | 0.07/0.23* | 0.27**/0.13 |
| Modesty | 0.06/0.05 | 0.11/0.17 | 0.06/0.14 | 0.17/0.15 | 0.10/0.17 | 0.02/0.12 | 0.20*/0.16 | 0.13/0.08 |
| Prudence | −0.01/−0.03 | 0.15/0.24* | 0.06/0.17 | 0.09/0.11 | 0.13/0.22* | 0.16/0.25** | 0.08/0.15 | 0.10/0.10 |
| Self-regulation | 0.17/0.16 | 0.34**/0.37** | 0.28**/0.28** | 0.30**/0.30** | 0.26**/0.36** | 0.26**/0.32** | 0.15/0.22* | 0.14/0.19* |
| (6) TRANSCENDENCE | ||||||||
| Appreciation of beauty/excellence | 0.17/−0.03 | 0.17/0.05 | 0.11/0.06 | 0.17/0.11 | 0.15/0.04 | 0.15/0.03 | 0.08/0.05 | 0.14/−0.09 |
| Gratitude | 0.45**/0.27** | 0.48**/0.41** | 0.34**/0.34** | 0.39**/0.41** | 0.47**/0.38** | 0.32**/0.35** | 0.18/0.14 | 0.42**/0.17 |
| Hope | 0.67**/0.41** | 0.59**/0.48** | 0.42**/0.34** | 0.30**/0.32** | 0.63**/0.45** | 0.40**/0.39** | 0.22*/0.42** | 0.66**/0.42** |
| Humor | 0.30**/0.19* | 0.42**/0.34** | 0.37**/0.32** | 0.41**/0.32** | 0.23*/0.20* | 0.36**/0.29** | −0.05/0.01 | 0.27**/0.20* |
| Spirituality | 0.28**/0.31** | 0.23*/0.36** | 0.25**/0.34** | 0.24*/0.39** | 0.29*/0.27** | 0.01/0.24* | −0.04/0.12 | 0.32**/0.30** |
| VIA-IS total score | 0.41**/0.20* | 0.63**/0.53** | 0.42**/0.42** | 0.51**/0.47** | 0.52**/0.41** | 0.58**/0.50** | 0.16/0.27** | 0.41**/0.21* |
N = 117; controlled for sex, age, and family; t1/t2, values at t1 and t2; partial correlation coefficients (two tailed): correlations of < 0.10, none, 0.10–0.29, weak, 0.30–0.49, moderate, ≥50 = high,
*
statistical significance level of p = < 0.05,
**
statistical significance level of p < 0.01; SWB, subjective well-being; PWB, psychological well-being; strengths measured by the Values in Action Inventory-120; well-being measured by the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving.