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. 2017 Jul 11;5:50. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00050

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Major AsA biosynthetic pathways in plants. Asterisks indicate how transcription factors may influence AsA biosynthesis other than regulating gene transcription (*enzyme activity, ** translation). The cut arrows indicate simplified reactions with missing steps. PGI, Phosphoglucose Isomerase; PMI, Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase; PMM, Phosphomannomutase; GMP, GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase; GME, GDP-D-mannose 3′ 5′ epimerase; GGP, GDP-L-galactose-phosphorylase; GPP, L-galactose-1-P phosphatase; GalDH, L-galactose dehydrogenase; GLDH, L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase; GalUR, D-galacturonate reductase.