Table 1.
Patient characteristics as described by Chi-square test and risk of haemorrhage assessed by univariate regression
| M | N (%) | Periop bleed (%) | OR CI | Postop bleed (%) | OR CI | Total bleed1 (%) | OR CI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 1 | ||||||||||
| Female | 63,488 (67.1) | 408 (0.62) | 1 | Ref | 697 (1.10) | 1 | Ref | 1036 (1.63) | 1 | Ref | |
| Male | 31,068 (32.9) | 391 (1.31) | 2.15 | 1.87–2.47 | 495 (1.59) | 1.46 | 1.30–1.64 | 831 (2.67) | 1.66 | 1.51–1.82 | |
| Age | 1 | ||||||||||
| ≤40 | 28,457 (30.1) | 117 (0.41) | 1 | Ref | 273 (0.96) | 1 | Ref | 378 (1.33) | 1 | Ref | |
| 41–60 | 37,252 (39.4) | 243 (0.65) | 1.59 | 1.28–1.98 | 383 (1.03) | 1.07 | 0.92–1.25 | 590 (1.58) | 1.20 | 1.05–1.36 | |
| >60 | 28,847 (30.5) | 439 (1.52) | 3.74 | 3.05–4.59 | 536 (1.86) | 1.95 | 1.69–2.26 | 899 (3.12) | 2.39 | 2.12–2.70 | |
| ASA | 0 | ||||||||||
| I | 49,172 (52.0) | 258 (0.52) | 1 | Ref | 434 (0.88) | 1 | Ref | 660 (1.34) | 1 | Ref | |
| II | 38,094 (40.3) | 390 (1.02) | 1.59 | 1.28–1.98 | 534 (1.40) | 1.07 | 0.92–1.25 | 871 (2.29) | 1.20 | 1.05–1.36 | |
| ≥III | 7291 (7.71) | 151 (2.07) | 3.74 | 3.05–4.59 | 224 (3.07) | 1.95 | 1.69–2.26 | 336 (4.61) | 2.39 | 2.12–2.70 | |
| Indication | 0 | ||||||||||
| Gallstone colic | 54,681 (57.8) | 312 (0.57) | 1 | Ref | 518 (0.95) | 1 | Ref | 791 (1.45) | 1 | Ref | |
| Gallstone complications2 | 36,659 (38.8) | 454 (1.24) | 2.19 | 1.89–2.53 | 606 (1.65) | 1.76 | 1.56–1.98 | 986 (2.69) | 1.88 | 1.71–2.07 | |
| Acalculous cholecystitis |
648 (0.70) | 4 (0.62) | 1.08 | 0.40–2.91 | 25 (3.90) | 4.20 | 2.79–6.32 | 28 (4.32) | 3.08 | 2.09–4.52 | |
| Other | 2569 (2.70) | 29 (1.13) | 1.99 | 1.36–2.92 | 43 (1.67) | 1.78 | 1.30–2.44 | 62 (2.41) | 1.69 | 1.30–2.19 | |
| Op approach | 2293 | ||||||||||
| Lap | 78,814 (85.4) | 356 (0.45) | 1 | Ref | 746 (0.95) | 1 | Ref | 1066 (1.35) | 1 | Ref | |
| Converted to open surgery | 6593 (7.20) | 272 (4.13) | 9.48 | 8.08–11.13 | 214 (3.25) | 3.51 | 3.01–4.10 | 433 (6.57) | 5.13 | 4.57–5.75 | |
| Open | 6857 (7.40) | 155 (2.26) | 5.10 | 4.21–6.17 | 187 (2.73) | 2.93 | 2.50–3.45 | 307 (4.48) | 3.42 | 3.00–3.89 | |
| Thromboembolism prophylaxis | 289 | ||||||||||
| No | 57,696 (61.2) | 273 (0.47) | 1 | Ref | 534 (0.93) | 1 | Ref | 758 (1.31) | 1 | Ref | |
| Yes | 36,572 (38.8) | 526 (1.44) | 3.07 | 2.65–3.56 | 643 (1.76) | 1.92 | 1.71–2.15 | 1094 (3.0) | 2.32 | 2.11–2.54 | |
| Op time | 290 | ||||||||||
| <120 | 71,552 (75.9) | 288 (0.40) | 1 | Ref | 750 (1.05) | 1 | Ref | 1001 (1.40) | 1 | Ref | |
| >120 | 22,715 (24.1) | 511 (2.25) | 5.62 | 4.86–6.50 | 428 (1.88) | 1.85 | 1.64–2.08 | 852 (3.75) | 2.76 | 2.51–3.02 | |
1Total bleed perioperative and/or post-operative haemorrhage and/or haemorrhagic shock)
2Cholecystitis and/or gallstone pancreatitis
M missing data, N number of patients, OR odds ratio, CI 95% confidence interval, Ref reference