Table 2.
Prescribed drugs1 and haemorrhagic complications
| Drug | N (%) | Periop bleed (%) | p | Postop bleed | p | Total bleed2 (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetysalicylic acid | 7443 (8.75) | 61 (8.5) | 0.81 | 106 (9.68) | 0.27 | 159 (9.36) | 0.36 |
| ACE inhibitor | 6575 (7.73) | 53 (7.38) | 0.73 | 80 (7.31) | 0.60 | 126 (7.42) | 0.63 |
| Apixaban | 11 (0.01) | 0 (0) | n.s | 0 (0) | n.s | 0 (0) | n.s |
| Azathioprin | 179 (0.21) | 0 (0) | n.s | 0 (0) | n.s | 0 (0) | n.s |
| Acyclovir | 198 (0.23) | 2 (0.28) | 0.80 | 2 (0.18) | 0.22 | 4 (0.24) | 0.98 |
| Beta-lactam antibiotics | 4790 (5.63) | 51 (7.10) | 0.09 | 63 (5.75) | 0.86 | 101 (5.95) | 0.56 |
| Calcium channel inhibitor | 6146 (7.22) | 60 (8.40) | 0.24 | 76 (6.94) | 0.72 | 130 (7.66) | 0.49 |
| Carboxamide | 361 (0.42) | 1 (0.14) | 0.24 | 2 (0.18) | 0.22 | 3 (0.18) | 0.11 |
| Cephalosporin | 31 (0.04) | 0 (0) | n.s | 1 (0.10) | 0.34 | 1 (0.06) | 0.62 |
| Clopidogrel | 565 (0.66) | 7 (0.97) | 0.30 | 4 (0.37) | 0.22 | 11 (0.65) | 0.93 |
| Cytostatic agents | 238 (0.28) | 3 (0.42) | 0.48 | 6 (0.55) | 0.09 | 7 (0.41) | 0.30 |
| Dabigatran | 37 (0.04) | 1 (0.14) | 0.22 | 0 (0) | n.s | 1 (0.06) | 0.76 |
| Dipyridamole | 252 (0.30) | 5 (0.70) | 0.05* | 1 (0.10) | 0.21 | 6 (0.35) | 0.66 |
| Heparin | 838 (0.98) | 7 (0.97) | 0.98 | 11 (1.0) | 0.95 | 15 (0.88) | 0.67 |
| Kinin | 58 (0.07) | 0 (0) | n.s | 0 (0) | n.s | 0 (0) | n.s |
| NSAID | 7932 (9.32) | 73 (10.2) | 0.43 | 102 (9.32) | 1.0 | 163 (9.60) | 0.69 |
| Phenytoin | 77 (0.09) | 0 (0) | n.s | 2 (0.18) | 0.31 | 2 (0.12) | 0.71 |
| Prasugrel | 5 (0.01) | 0 (0) | n.s | 0 (0) | n.s | 0 (0) | n.s |
| Rifampicin | 16 (0.02) | 0 (0) | n.s | 1 (0.10) | 0.08 | 1 (0.06) | 0.22 |
| Rivaroxaban | 23 (0.03) | 0 (0) | n.s | 0 (0) | n.s | 0 (0) | n.s |
| SSRI | 5203 (6.11) | 45 (6.27) | 0.86 | 67 (6.12) | 0.99 | 106 (6.24) | 0.82 |
| Statin | 7377 (8.67) | 58 (8.10) | 0.57 | 108 (9.86) | 0.16 | 157 (9.25) | 0.39 |
| Thiazide | 2355 (2.77) | 25 (3.48) | 0.24 | 31 (2.83) | 0.90 | 55 (3.24) | 0.23 |
| Ticagrelor | 32 (0.04) | 0 (0) | n.s | 1 (0.10) | 0.36 | 1 (0.06) | 0.65 |
| Tricyclic antidepressant | 1151 (1.35) | 17 (2.37) | 0.02* | 18 (1.64) | 0.40 | 32 (1.88) | 0.055 |
| Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole | 255 (0.30) | 4 (0.56) | 0.21 | 4 (0.37) | 0.69 | 6 (0.35) | 0.68 |
| Valproate | 210 (0.25) | 2 (0.28) | 0.86 | 0 (0) | n.s | 2 (0.12) | 0.28 |
| Warfarin | 1818 (2.14) | 21 (2.92) | 0.14 | 27 (2.47) | 0.45 | 45 (2.70) | 0.14 |
Table 2: Pearson´s Chi-Square test
* Significant within 95% confidence interval
1Drugs prescribed within 90 days prior to surgery
2Total haemorrhage (peri- and/or post-operative) for each drug