Table 2.
Characteristics of the included systematic reviews (continued) (N=20).a
| Author, publication year | N | Age (years) | Women, % | BMI | Duration of the intervention, mean or rangeb | Country (race)c | Outcomes |
| Tsai et al, 2005 [22] | 1877 | — | — | — | 12 wk-2 y | US | Weight |
| Weinstein, 2006 [12] | 791 | 30-62 | 55 | 22 wk-12 mo | US | Weight | |
| Sharma, 2007 [23] | — | — | — | — | 3 mo-9 y | AU, BE, CN, FI, IT, JP, NL, SE, UK, US | BMI, weight, waist circumference, body fat |
| Neve et al, 2009 [14] | 5700 | ≥18 | 77 | ≥25 | 6 wk-2 y | UK, US | Weight |
| Osei-Assibey et al, 2010 [24] | — | Mean=47.2 | — | — | >6 mo | Western countries (people of color) | BMI |
| Arem and Irwin, 2011 [13] | — | 34-54 | 50-100 | Mean=29 | 3-18 mo | (White but 2 studies did not report race) | Weight |
| Burke et al, 2011 [25] | 9668 | — | 41-100 | — | — | US (>white) | |
| Manzoni et al, 2011 [16] | 8324 | ≥18 | 76.7 | — | 6 wk-2 y | US and other unspecified countries | Weight |
| Kodama et al, 2012 [15] | 8697 | ≥18 | 66.1 | 26.2-35.7 | 3-30 mo | — | Weight |
| Reed et al, 2012 [17] | 1866 | ≥18 | 71.64 | — | 2-12 mo | — | Weight |
| Wieland et al, 2012 [18] | 4140 | ≥18 | 73 | >25 | 4 wk-30 mo | — | Weight |
| Young et al, 2012 [26] | 1869 | 18-65 | >0 | >28 | 3-24 mo | AU, CN, FI, JP, NL, SE, UK, US | Weight |
| Chang et al, 2013 [19] | — | — | — | — | — | AU, CN, UK, US | Waist circumference, BMI, physical activity level, dietary intake |
| Grunenberg et al, 2013 [21] | 727 | ≥18 | 57 | ≥25 | 3-12 mo | — | Weight, BMI, waist circumference |
| Bennett et al, 2014 [20] | 4899 | ≥18 | — | ≥25 | 3-30 mo | US (people of color) | Weight |
| Hartmann-Boyce et al, 2014 [27] | >3700 | 40-52 | — | 25 (≥23 among Asians) | — | AU, CH, DE, UK, US | Weight |
| Altman and Wilfley, 2015 [28] | — | 6-18 | — | — | — | (White/people of color) | Weight |
| Gilmartin and Murphy, 2015 [29] | — | >18 | — | ≥30 | >2 y | CN, FI, SE, UK, US | Weight |
| Levine et al, 2015 [30] | 6786 | Middle-aged | 62 | — | 3-36 mo | (71% White) | Weight |
| Raaijmakers et al, 2015 [31] | — | — | — | >20, ≥30, ≥40 | — | AU, CN, DE, JP, UK, US | Weight, quality of life, adherence |
a —: Information that was not reported.
b Mo: month; wk: week; y: year.
c AU: Australia; BE: Belgium; CH: Switzerland; CN: China; DE: Germany; FI: Finland; IT: Italy; JP: Japan; NL: Netherlands; SE, Sweden; UK: United Kingdom; US: United States.