Effects on diastolic function. Percentage of change from baseline in maximum rate of pressure fall (dP/dtmin, A), isovolemic relaxation constant (tau, B), and left ventricular end diastolic volume (C). Within milrinone group, end points were measured with milrinone alone (solid black lines) and in addition to a baseline of dopamine 5 μg·kg−1·min−1 (dashed black lines) and epinephrine 0.1 μg·kg−1·min−1 (dashed gray lines). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, n = 10 replicates per group. Error = SE.