Fig. 5.

Effects on cardiac output. Percentage of change from baseline in cardiac output as categorized by inotrope and dose (A). Compared with an infusion of dopamine 3 μg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹, only dobutamine resulted in a significantly higher cardiac output (B). A: Error = SE. Within milrinone group, end points were measured with milrinone alone (solid black line) and in addition to a baseline of dopamine 5 μg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ (dashed black line) and epinephrine 0.1 μg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ (dashed gray line); n = 10 replicates per group. B: Error = 95% confidence interval. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.