During 180 min of bilateral dialysis during the day, the triple cocktail of antagonists to muscarinic, NK-1, and 5-HT2A receptors (5.0 mM atropine, 500 µM spantide, 0.5 mM MDL) (●; n = 7) dialyzed between 60 and 120 min (indicated by horizontal solid line) significantly (P < 0.001) decreased inspiratory time (Ti; A) and expiratory time (Te; B) and increased respiratory drive (Vt/ Ti; C) during hours 2 and 3 compared with bilateral dialysis of mCSF alone (○, n = 7). Values are means ± SE. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA using time and dose as factors was used to obtain the F and P values. *Values during and after triple cocktail dialysis that differed from hour 1 mCSF dialyses, as indicated by Holm-Sidak post hoc analysis.