Estrogen, HT, and muscle hypertrophy and repair |
• Confirmation of estrogen and HT influences on signaling pathways related to inducing muscle hypertrophy and repair |
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• Definition of interactive effects of estrogen and HT and resistance exercise on degree of muscle hypertrophic responses |
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• Role of estrogen receptors and signalling in muscle satellite cell activation and proliferation in response to unaccustomed exercise |
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• Potential short-term effect of estrogen or HT on the acquisition and maintenance of muscle mass and strength, for the recovery of atrophic muscle. |
Estrogen, HT, and muscle strength |
• Mechanisms by which estrogen and HT affect contractile proteins for enhance strength development |
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• Role of estrogen receptors in enhanced muscle strength consequent to estrogen and HT exposure |
Estrogen, HT, and muscle collagen and tendon modifications |
• Mechanisms and signaling pathways by which estrogen and HT influence muscle collagen matrix remodeling at rest and in response to immobilization and training |
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• Interactive effects and mechanisms of estrogen and HT or estrogen deficiency on tendon collagen at rest or in response to exercise |
Resolve the questions related to timing and duration of HT |
• Duration of optimal postmenopausal HT for overall health and muscle function |