Table 2. List of taxa associated with the VFM diet score (unadjusted and adjusted for other food intakes), their association with foods forming the VFM diet score and their independent association with the VFM diet score (P<0.05 in backward linear regression).

Taxon	Level	VFM scorea		VFM score adjusted foodsb		Foods associatedc
		Beta (s.e.)	P-value	Beta (s.e.)	P-value	P<0.05
Actinomyces	Genus	0.052 (0.011)	9.77 × 10−7	0.052 (0.011)	9.77 × 10−7	FF (0.028 (0.009)d RM (0.027 (0.008))d
Lachnospira	Genus	−0.045 (0.009)	2.79 × 10−6	−0.038 (0.010)	8.33 × 10−5	Fruit (0.006 (0.002))
Actinomycetaceae	Family	0.043 (0.011)	5.47 × 10−5	0.043 (0.011)	5.47 × 10−5	FF (0.021 (0.010)) RM (0.024 (0.008))
Eubacterium dolichume	Species	0.042 (0.011)	8.47 × 10−5	0.043 (0.011)	6.19 × 10−5	WG (−0.010 (0.004))
Veillonella dispar	Species	−0.039 (0.011)	3.05 × 10−4	−0.031 (0.011)	4.00 × 10−3	None
Anaeroplasmataceae	Family	−0.037 (0.010)	3.75 × 10−4	−0.036 (0.010)	3.37 × 10−4	Fruit (0.007 (0.003)) WG (0.011 (0.004))

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FF, fried and fast foods; RM, red meat; VFM, visceral fat mass; WG

, whole-grain products.

^aTaxa associations with the VFM diet score were adjusted for covariates (age, Shannon index, BMI and sex) and multiple testing.

^bThe VFM diet score and 15 food groups not forming the score were fitted into a backward stepwise linear regression model to predict each significant taxon using P<0.05 as the cutoff threshold.

^cAll 20 food groups were fitted into a backward stepwise linear regression model to predict each significant taxon using P<0.05 as the cutoff threshold. Significant results shown only for foods forming the VFM diet score.

^dStatistically significant: P<0.0025.

^eE. dolichum is the only taxon associated with VFM independently of the VFM diet score (beta (s.e.): 0.057 (0.019), P=2.74 × 10^–3).