Table 1.
Channels implicated in shear stress responses in endothelial cells
| Channel Subtype | Candidate Genes* | Permeability | Mechanisms of Modulation by Flow | Other Pathways Modulated by Channel Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Purinergic | P2RX4 | Cation | Activation by ATP release (122) Reduced inactivation (63) | Neuropathic pain (115) Endolysosomal membrane fusion (16) |
| Transient receptor potential | TRPV4 | Cation | Membrane tension? (73) Lipid second messengers? (119) Channel translocation to membrane? (7) | Cellular and systemic osmoregulation (39) |
| PKD1 and PKD2 | Cation | Cilial bending? (45) | Renal function (87) | |
| Mechanosensitive cation | PIEZO1 | Cation | Membrane tension? (26) | Mechanotransduction and mechanosensation (26, 95) |
| Inwardly rectifying potassium | KCNJ2 | Potassium | Membrane tension or cellular deformation? (53) | Craniofacial patterning (27) Cardiac excitability (72) |
| Calcium-activated potassium | KCNN3 | Potassium | Shear-induced calcium influx (15) | Cardiac hyperpolarization (130) |
| ATP-sensitive potassium | KCNJ11 | Potassium | ND | Insulin homeostasis Smooth muscle ischemic response (81) |
| Calcium-activated chloride | ND | Chloride | Shear-induced calcium influx (15) | Cellular volume regulation Fluid secretion Rhythmic smooth muscle contraction (9)† |
| Voltage-gated sodium | ND | Sodium | Endothelial cell depolarization? | Action potential propagation† |
| Epithelial sodium | ND | Sodium | Hydrostatic pressure? (47) | Sodium reabsorption Taste (42)† |
ND, not determined.
*
Human gene name.
†
General functions ascribed to the channel family; individual members may have different functions.