Table 3.
Nonhuman primate organ transplantation: reports of alloantibody, C4d deposition, and humoral rejection.
| Group (reference) | Species (n) | Organ | Treatement regimen | MST (d) | Alloab+ | C4d+ | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haanstra et al. [139] | Rhesus (5) | Kidney | [Control] Anti-CD40 (ch5D12) + anti-CD86 (chFun-1) | 80 | 2/5 | N/A | |
| Kawai et al. [142] | Cynomolgus (5) | Heart | Total body irradiation, thymic irradiation, ATG, splenectomy, BMT + CsA | 235 | 3/5 | N/A | 3/3 animals with mixed chimerism formed DSA upon losing chimerism |
| Aoyagi et al. [140] | Cynomolgus (12) | Kidney | Anti-CD40 (4D11) at low dose induction or maintenance (1–5 mg/kg) | 97 | 7/12 | 5/12 | High dose maintenance therapy inhibited DSA |
| Smith et al. [146] | Cynomolgus (17) | Kidney/BMT | Total body irradiation, bone marrow transplantation, antiCD154, CsA +/− splenectomy (4) or anti-CD8 (4) | 500+ | 9/17 | 9/17 | 9/9 animals with C4d deposition had alloantibodies. 0/8 without C4d deposition had alloantibodies |
| Torrealba et al. [104] | Rhesus (9) | Kidney | CD3 immunotoxin + methylprednisolone ± CsA, IL2R, DSG, MMF, intrathymic donor vs saline injection, Fab2, sirolimus | 614 | N/A | N/A | 9/9 animals had varying grades of chronic rejection at autopsy |
| Azimzadeh et al. [141] | Cynomolgus (6) | Heart | [Control] CsA monotherapy | 29 | 2/6 | N/A | Strong IgM and IgG responses by day 14 |
| Azimzadeh et al. [141] | Cynomolgus (8) | Heart | Anti-CD154 + BMT ± ATG | 28 | 5/8 | N/A | |
| Azimzadeh et al. [141] | Cynomolgus (19) | Heart | Anti-CD154 ± ATG | 74 | 13/19 | N/A | Delayed alloab production compared to +BM |
| Kelishadi et al. [163] | Cynomolgus (7) | Heart | [Control] CsA monotherapy | 71 | 5/7 | 20–50% vessels | |
| Wieczorek et al. [138] | Cynomolgus (6a) | Kidneyb | Suboptimal CsA; rabbit ATG + methylprednisolone upon diagnosis of transplant endarteritis | 65 | N/A | 60%a | |
| Schroder et al. [144] | Cynomolgus (6) | Heart | Anti-CCR5 (CMPD 167) + CsA | ∼46 | 4/6 | N/A | 3/3 CsA monotherapy controls had alloab by 3 weeks |
a
7 of 12 animals receiving suboptimal CsA developed transplant endarteritis; 6 of these were subsequently treated with ATG and methylprednisolone.
b
Non-life supporting kidney transplantation.