Table 4.

Effects of BZD and Z-drug properties, half-life, and polypharmacy on the elderly patients hospitalised for fall injuries

	Cases		Controls		Unadjusted		Adjustedab
	n = 2238	%	n = 8645	%	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Elimination half-life of BZD
Only long-acting BZD	160	7.2	502	5.8	1.35	1.12–1.62	1.41	1.16–1.71
Only short-acting BZD	213	9.5	692	8.0	1.29	1.10–1.52	1.42	1.20–1.69
Long- + short- acting BZD	299	13.4	950	11.0	1.33	1.15–1.53	1.61	1.37–1.89
Non-users	1566	70.0	6501	75.2	1		1
Polypharmacy of BZD and Z-drugs
Only one kind of BZD	238	10.6	781	9.0	1.30	1.11–1.52	1.40	1.19–1.65
Two or more kinds of BZD	309	13.8	979	11.3	1.35	1.17–1.55	1.61	1.38–1.89
Only Z-drugs	99	4.4	337	3.9	1.26	1.00–1.59	1.33	1.04–1.69
One kind of BZD + Z-drugs	34	1.5	89	1.0	1.61	1.08–2.40	1.65	1.08–2.50
Two or more kinds of BZD + Z-drugs	91	4.1	295	3.4	1.33	1.04–1.70	1.58	1.21–2.07
Non-users	1467	65.6	6164	71.3	1		1

^aAdjusted for dementia, Parkinson’s disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, ischemia heart disease, antipsychotics, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, thiazide diuretics, opioids, Charlson comorbidity index, and number of outpatient services in the 180 days before the index date

^bSignificant results (p<0.05) are in italicize