Table 3.
Distribution of baseline variables and outcomes among patients with and without use of protocol based IICPM
| Variable/outcome | IICPM performed (N = 24) | IICPM not performed (N = 13) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Distribution of baseline variables | |||
| Age in years, median (IQR) | 39 (23) | 44 (24) | 0.32 |
| Gender, female (%) | 16 (67%) | 8 (62%) | 0.76 |
| Days from symptom onset to admission, median (IQR) | 3 (6) | 1 (2.5) | 0.22 |
| GCS at time of assessment for ICPM, median (IQR) | 3 (2) | 9 (4.5) | 0.002 |
| West Haven grade at time of assessment for ICPM, median (IQR) | 4 (0) | 3 (2) | 0.019 |
| Etiology, acetaminophen toxicity (%) | 14 (58%) | 9 (69%) | 0.72 |
| Ammonia in mcg/dL, median (IQR) | 119 (86) | 86 (88.5) | 0.14 |
| Sodium in mmol/L, median (IQR) | 142 (12) | 140 (8) | 0.95 |
| pH, median (IQR) | 7.39 (0.20) | 7.38 (0.34) | 0.56 |
| INR prior to monitor placement, median (IQR) | 3 (2) | 2.8 (3) | 0.79 |
| Platelet count in 103 per microliter, median (IQR) | 115 (130) | 83 (93) | 0.65 |
| Fibrinogen mg/dL, median (IQR) | 175 (76) | 203 (167) | 0.46 |
| Acute renal failure (%) | 19 (79%) | 9 (69%) | 0.69 |
| APACHE 2 score, median (IQR) | 28 (10) | 25 (9) | 0.07 |
| Listed for LT (%) | 6 (25%) | 1 (8%) | 0.38 |
| Liver transplantation performed (%) | 4 (17%) | 0 (0%) | 0.28 |
| Diffuse sulcal effacement on CT (%) at time of initial assessment | 6 (25%) | 2 (15%) | 0.69 |
| Basal cistern effacement on CT (%) at time of initial assessment | 2 (8%) | 2 (15%) | 0.60 |
| Diffuse sulcal effacement on CT (%) at any time | 14 (58%) | 3 (23%) | 0.08 |
| Basal cistern effacement on CT (%) at any time | 5 (21%) | 2 (15%) | 1.00 |
| Distribution of outcomes | |||
| Intracranial pressure (mm Hg), first recorded following insertion, median (IQR) | 13 (14) | N/A | |
| Intracranial pressure (mmHg), maximum recorded, median (IQR) | 32 (28) | N/A | N/A |
| Intracranial hypertension, sustained on ICPM (%) | 13 (54%) | N/A | N/A |
| Therapeutic intensity level, basic score, median (IQR) | 2 (3) | 1 (0.5) | 0.002 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage (%) | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| Thromboembolic events (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| Brain death (%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (15%) | 0.28 |
| Death from intracranial hypertension (%) | 2 (8%) | 2 (15%) | 0.60 |
| Dead or severely disabled (GOS <4) at discharge (%) | 19 (79%) | 11 (85%) | 1.00 |
| Dead at discharge (%) | 12 (50%) | 6 (46%) | 1.00 |
| Alive but severely disabled/vegetative at discharge (%) | 7 (29%) | 5 (38%) | 0.72 |
| Dead or severely disabled (GOS <4) at 6 months (%) | 14/18 (78%) | 6/8 (75%) | 1.00 |
| Dead at 6 months (%) | 12/18 (67%) | 6/8 (75%) | 1.00 |
| -Alive but severely disabled/vegetative at 6 months (%) | 2/18 (11%) | 0/8 (0%) | 1.00 |
IICPM invasive intracranial pressure monitoring, GCS Glasgow Coma Score, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, LT liver transplantation, CT computed tomography, GOS Glasgow Outcome Scale, N/A Not Applicable
p values in italic font signify statistical significance (p <0.05)