Table 1.
Characteristics of studies comparing the results of radiofrquency ablation with those of other local ablations on HCCs
| First author | Country/year | Type | Arms | NP | Age (years)c | NL | Size, mean (range, cm) |
CTA (n1/n0) |
LTR | Survival rates (%) | CM (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vogl TJ [9] | Egypt/2015 | Cohort | MWA | 28 | 60 (45–68) | 36 | 3.6 ± 1.24d | 32/36 | 1 year:2.8% (1/36)a | 1 year:100; 2 years:96; 3 years:79 | NR |
| RFA | 25 | 57 (40–64) | 32 | 3.2 ± 1.17 | 27/32 | 1 year:3.1% (1/32)a | 1 year:100; 2 years:88; 3 years:72 | NR | |||
| Zhang L [10] | China/2013 | Cohort | MWA | 77 | 54 (26–76) | 105 | NR | 91/105 | 10.5% (11/105) a | 1 year:92.2; 3 years:51.7; 5 years:38.5 | 2.6e |
| RFA | 78 | 54 (30–80) | 97 | NR | 78/93 | 11.8% (11/93) a | 1 year:91.0; 3 years:64.1; 5 years:41.3 | 2.6e | |||
| Lu MD [11] | China/2005 | Cohort | MWA | 49 | 50.1 (24–74) | 98 | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 93/98 | 11.8% (11/93)a | 1 year:81.6; 2 years:61.2; 3 years:50.5; 4 years:36.8 | 8.2e |
| RFA | 53 | 54.5 (20–74) | 72 | 2.6 ± 1.2 | 67/72 | 20.9% (14/67)a | 1 year:71.7; 2 years:47.2; 3 years:37.6; 4 years:24.2 | 5.7e | |||
| Ding J [12] | China/2013 | Cohort | MWA | 113 | 59 (30–86) | 131 | 2.55 ± 0.89 | 129/131 | 10.9% (14/129)a | 1 year:98.0; 2 years:90.7; 3 years:77.6; 4 years:77.6 | 27e |
| RFA | 85 | 58 (40–77) | 98 | 2.38 ± 0.81 | 97/98 | 5.2% (5/97)a | 1 year:98.7; 2 years:92.3; 3 years:82.7; 4 years:77.8 | 2.4e | |||
| Zhang NN [13] | China/2014 | Cohort | MWA | 45 | 59 (37–73) | 60 | NR | 58/60 | 2 years:40% (18/45) | 1 year:95.6; 2 years:86.7 | NR |
| RFA | 56 | 57 (28–77) | 68 | NR | 58/68 | 2 years:42.9% (26/56) | 1 year:94.6; 2 years:89.3 | NR | |||
| Ohmoto K [14] | Japan/2008 | Cohort | MWA | 49 | 64 (38–75) | 56 | 1.7 ± 0.39d | 56/56 | 1 year:13%; 2 years:16%; 3 years:19%; 4 years:19% | 1 year:89; 2 years:70; 3 years:49; 4 years:39 | NR |
| RFA | 34 | 67 (44–78) | 37 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 37/37 | 1 year:9%; 2 years:9%; 3 years:9%; 4 years:9% | 1 year:100; 2 years:83; 3 years:70; 4 years:70 | NR | |||
| Abdelaziz A [15] | Egypt/2014 | RCT | MWA | 66 | 56.8 ± 7.3 | 76 | 2.95 ± 1.03 | 73/76 | 3.9% | 1 year:96.4; 2 years:62 | 3.0e |
| RFA | 45 | 53.6 ± 5 | 52 | 2.9 ± 0.97 | 49/52 | 13.5% | 1 year:67.6; 2 years:47.4 | 11.1e | |||
| Shibata T [16] | Japan/2002 | RCT | MWA | 36 | 62.5 (52–74) | 46 | 2.3 ± 0.78d | 41/46 | 1 year:10% 2 years:24% | NR | 11e |
| RFA | 36 | 63.6 (44–83) | 48 | 2.2 ± 0.32 | 46/48 | 1 year:4% 2 years:12% | NR | 3e | |||
| Tian WS [17] | China/2014 | RCT | MWA | 60 | 55.3 (21–74) | 79 | 2.6 ± 1.3 | 73/79 | NR | NR | NR |
| RFA | 60 | 55.3 (21–74) | 86 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 77/86 | NR | NR | NR | |||
| Morimoto M [18] | Japan/2007 | Cohort | PEI | 43 | 69 ± 7 | NRg | 35/43b | 58% (25/43) | NR | NR | |
| RFA | 110 | 68 ± 7 | NR | 90/110b | 53% (58/110) | NR | NR | ||||
| Seror O [19] | France/2006 | Cohort | PEI | 57 | 62(42–76) | 72 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 69/72 | 29.8% (17/57) | 1 year:89.4; 2 years:70.8 | 6.9 |
| RFA | 60 | 62(42–76) | 72 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 71/72 | 18.3% (11/60) | 1 year:96.6; 2 years: 91.2 | 15 | |||
| Wakui N [20] | Japan/2010 | Cohort | PEI | 13 | 70.3(50–83) | 15 | 1.06 ± 0.27 | 15/15 | 1 year:9% | NR | NR |
| RFA | 10 | 69.3(65–75) | 10 | 1.11 ± 0.27 | 10/10 | 1 year:44% | NR | NR | |||
| Luo BM [21] | China/2005 | Cohort | PEI | 71 | 31–72 | 85 | 2.21 ± 1.48 | 66/85 | NR | 1 year:80.0; 2 years:60.4; 3 years:52.5; 5 years:33.3 | NR |
| RFA | 118 | 31–72 | 153 | 2.39 ± 1.57 | 141/153 | NR | 1 year:94.6; 2 years:73.2; 3 years:63.5 | NR | |||
| Giorgio A [22] | Italy/2011 | RCT | PEI | 143 | 72(68–79) | 143 | 2.27 ± 0.48 | NR | 12.6% (18/143) | 1 year:95; 2 years:83; 3 years:78; 4 years:70; 5 years:68 | 1.9 |
| RFA | 128 | 70(68–74) | 128 | 2.34 ± 0.45 | NR | 11.7% (15/128) | 1 year:95; 2 years:90 ;3 years:83; 4 years:73; 5 years:70 | 0.9 | |||
| Brunello F [23] | Italy/2008 | RCT | PEI | 69 | 70.3 | 88 | 2.25 ± 0.54 | 46/69b | 44/69 (63.8%) | 1 year:85.5; 2 years:58.0; 3 years:24.6; 4 years:7.2 | 17.4 |
| RFA | 70 | 69.0 | 89 | 2.42 ± 0.49 | 66/70b | 34.3% (34/70) | 1 year:94.3; 2 years:58.6; 3 years:25.7; 4 years:10 | 14.3 | |||
| Lin SM [24] | Taiwan/2004 | RCT | PEI | 52 | 59 ± 10 | 69 | 2.90 ± 0.80 | 46/52b | 1 year:23% 2 years:45% 3 years:45% | 1 year:85; 2 years:61; 3 years:50 | NR |
| RFA | 52 | 62 ± 11 | 67 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 50/52b | 1 year:12% 2 years:18% 3 years:18% | 1 year:90; 2 years:82; 3 years:74 | NR | |||
| Shiina S [25] | Japan/2005 | RCT | PEI | 114 | NR | 192 | NR | 192/192 | 11.4% (13/114) | 1 year:95; 2 years:82; 3 years:65; 4 years:57 | 2.6 |
| RFA | 118 | NR | 187 | NR | 187/187 | 1.7% (2/118) | 1 year:97; 2 years:92; 3 years:82; 4 years:74 | 5.1 | |||
| Lencioni RA [26] | Italy/2003 | RCT | PEI | 50 | 69(40–82) | 73 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 60/73 | 26% (13/50) | 1 year:96; 2 years:88 | NR |
| RFA | 52 | 67(52–78) | 69 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 63/69 | 5.8% (3/52) | 1 year:100; 2 years:98 | NR | |||
| Azab M [27] | Egypt/2011 | RCT | PEI + RFA | 30 | 46–77 | 33 | NR | 29/33 | 1 year:6% 1.5 years:6% | 1 year:96.7; 1.5 years:86.7 | NR |
| RFA | 30 | 46–77 | 33 | NR | 16/30 | 1 year:9% 1.5 years:12% | 1 year:90; 1.5 years:76.7 | NR | |||
| PEI | 30 | 46–77 | 32 | NR | L 75% | 1 year:15% 1.5 years:21% | 1 year:83.3; 1.5 years:86.7 | NR | |||
| Wong SN [28] | Taiwan/2008 | Cohort | PEI + RFA | 33 | 66.4 ± 9.7 | 50 | 2.8 ± 1cm | 44/50 | 1 year:24% 2 years:60% | NR | 11.5f |
| RFA | 85 | 66.4 ± 9.7 | 114 | 2.5 ± 0.1cm | 92/114 | 1 year:21% 2 years:30% | NR | 19.4f | |||
| Zhang YJ [29] | China/2007 | RCT | PEI + RFA | 66 | 53.3 ± 11.3 | 107 | NR | 52/66b | 34.8% (23/66) | 1 year:95.4; 2 years:89.2; 3 years:75.8; 4 years:63.3; | 46 |
| RFA | 67 | 52.2 ± 10.3 | 103 | NR | 48/67b | 49.2% (33/67) | 1 year:89.6; 2 years:68.7; 3 years:58.4; 4 years:50.3 | 30 | |||
| Pearson AS [30] | USA/1999 | Cohort | CRA | 54 | NR | 88 | 3.6(0.8–9.0)d | NR | 13.6% (12/54) | NR | 40.7 |
| RFA | 92 | NR | 138 | 3.8(0.5–12.0) | NR | 3.3% (3/92) | NR | 3.3 | |||
| Adam R [31] | France/2002 | Cohort | CRA | 15 | 60.1 ± 9.6 | 20 | 2.22 ± 1.05 | 16/20 | 45.5% (5/11) | 1 year:66 | 29 |
| RFA | 17 | 63.5 ± 9.9 | 21 | 2.80 ± 1.67 | 18/21 | 14.3% (2/14) | 1 year:61 | 24 | |||
| Dunne RM [32] | USA/2014 | Cohort | CRA | 25 | 67.8 ± 10.7 | 39 | 2.8(1.5–4.9)d | 38/39 | 13.5% (5/37)a | NR | 39.4f |
| RFA | 22 | 64.4 ± 10.8 | 39 | 2.0(0.4–6.3) | 36/39 | 21.4% (6//28)a | NR | 26.7f | |||
| Ei S [33] | Japan/2015 | Cohort | CRA | 55 | 69 (65-74) | NR | 2.5 (2.0-3.0)d | 100% | 2 years:38% (21/55) | 2 years:≦2 cm:88%; >2 cm:86% | 10.9 |
| RFA/MWA | 64 | 69 (64–74) | NR | 1.9 (1.5–2.3) | 100% | 2 years:34% (22/64) | 2Y:≦2 cm:95%; >2 cm:85% | 10.9 | |||
| Wang CP [6] | China/2015 | RCT | CRA | 180 | 53.87 ± 9.587 | 199 | NR | 196/199 | 1 year:3%; 2 years:7% 3 years:7% 10/180 | 1 year:97; 3 years:67; 5 years:40 | 3.9 |
| RFA | 180 | 53.34 ± 8.905 | 189 | NR | 181/189 | 1 year:9% 2 years:11% 3 years:11% 18/180 | 1 year:97; 3 years:66; 5 years:38 | 3.3 | |||
| Di Cos GG [34] | Italy/2013 | RCT | LSA | 70 | 70 (36–84) | 80 | 2.62 ± 1.04 | 77/80 | 22.9% (16/70) | 1 year:94; 3 years:80 | NR |
| RFA | 70 | 70 (50–83) | 77 | 2.55 ± 0.66 | 75/77 | 25.7% (18/70) | 1 year:94; 3 years:89 | NR | |||
| Ferrari FS [35] | Italy/2007 | RCT | LSA | 41 | 68.27 (51–82) | 45 | 2.89 ± 0.73 | 35/45 | 19.5% (8/41) | 1 year:88.6; 2 years:70.4; 3 years:56.6; 4 years:40.2 | 0 |
| RFA | 40 | 70.53 (59–80) | 50 | 2.67 ± 0.81 | 47/50 | 17.5% (7/40) | 1 year:92.2; 2 years:75.0; 3 years:61.3; 4 years:54.6 | 0 | |||
| Orlacchio A [7] | Italy/2014 | RCT | LSA | 15 | 73. 50 ± 6.70 | 15 | 2.34 ± 0.82 | 10/15 | 1 year:40% (6/15) | 1 year:100 | 13.3 |
| RFA | 15 | 71.50 ± 4.60 | 15 | 2.41 ± 0.71 | 13/15 | 1 year:13.3% (2/15) | 1 year:100 | 53.3 | |||
| Chan AC [36] | China/2013 | Cohort | HIFU | 27 | 63 (44–75) | NR | 1.7(0.9–5.0) | 23/27 | NR | 1 year:96.3; 2 years:81.5; 3 years:69.8 | 7.4f |
| RFA | 76 | 62 (28–84) | NR | 1.8(0.7–4.9) | 65/76 | NR | 1 year:92.1; 2 years:76.1; 3 years:64.2 | 22.4f |
NP number of patients, NL number of lesions, n1 number of lesions with complete necrosis, n0 number of lesions undergoing ablation, CM patient-related complications, NR no record, Y years.
aLesion-related local recurrence
bNumber of patients with complete necrosis/number of patients undergoing ablation
cAge recorded with mean or median (range, year) or mean ± standard deviation
dMedian size (range)
eMajor complications
fProcedure-related