Table 3.
Process parameters for galactaric acid production at 0.5, 1, 10 and 250 L
| d-Galacturonic acida | Meridianstar pectin | Sigma pectin | Meridianstar pectin | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reactor volume (L) | 0.5 | 1 | 10 | 250 |
| Process time (h) | 242 | 215 | 185 | 168 |
| Inputs | ||||
| Lactose (g L−1) | 28 | 10 | 14 | 9 |
| Galacturonic acid (g L−1) | 21 | |||
| Pectin (g L−1) | 48.4 | 29.2 | 45.9 | |
| Pectinase(s) (mL L−1) | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Fungal cells (g L−1) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Air (vvm) | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Output | ||||
| Galactaric acid (g L−1) | 21 ± 2 | 18 | 21 | 15 |
| Yield (g [g galacturonate]−1) | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.8 |
| Yield (g [g pectin]−1) | 0.41 | 0.73 | 0.32 | |
| Biomass (g L−1)b | 4 ± 1 | 9 ± 0.1 | 4 ± 0.1 | 8 ± 0.2 |
| Product recovery (kg) | 0.014 | 0.15 | 2.8 | |
| Product recovery (%) | 68 ± 7 | 89 | 85 | 73 |
aData from [7]. Values are mean ± sem for four cultivations
bBiomass measurements are mean ± sem for 2–3 replicates, except for 0.5 L cultivations (mean ± sem for 4 cultivations), at end of cultivation