Fig. 1.

Saccharification of Avicel PH-101 under aerobic (blue bars) or anaerobic (red bars) conditions in the presence or absence of 1 mM ascorbic acid (±AscA). The left panels show glucan conversion (as a percentage of theoretical glucan conversion) and the right panels show the concentration of Glc4gemGlc, at two time points. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out with Cellic^® CTec3 (a, b) and Celluclast^®:Novozym 188 (mixed at 5:1 ratio, w/w) (c, d) at 8 mg/g glucan total protein loading, using reaction mixtures containing 5% DM in 50 mM sodium acetate pH 5.0 that were incubated at 50 °C. The data points represent the average value of three independent experiments with one technical replicate per experiment. The error bars represent standard deviations of the three independent experiments. The statistical significance of differences in the 48-h saccharification yields was analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (95% confidence interval) and is indicated as follows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001