Table 2.

Characteristics associated with change in rate of spread to additional autoantibodies, progression to type 1 diabetes and reversion to negative autoantibody status after seroconversion (n=207)

Variable	Acceleration factor estimate (95% CI)	p value
Spread to additional autoantibodies
HLA-DR3/4 (yes vs no)	0.26 (0.08, 0.84)	0.02
Age at seroconversion (years)	1.23 (1.10, 1.38)	<0.001
Hispanic/AA vs NHW	1.81 (0.48, 6.90)	0.38
GP vs FDR	2.55 (0.79, 8.25)	0.12
Sex (female vs male)	1.64 (0.62, 4.29)	0.32
Progression to type 1 diabetes
HLA-DR3/4 (yes vs no)	0.36 (0.21, 0.61)	<0.001
Age at seroconversion (years)	1.16 (1.07, 1.26)	<0.001
Hispanic/AA vs NHW	2.53 (1.10, 5.83)	0.03
GP vs FDR	1.21 (0.73, 1.98)	0.46
Sex (female vs male)	0.98 (0.63, 1.54)	0.94
Reversion to autoantibody-negative status
HLA-DR3/4 (yes vs no)	3.34 (1.57, 7.11)	0.002
Age at seroconversion (years)	0.90 (0.83, 0.97)	0.005
Hispanic/AA vs NHW	0.31 (0.14, 0.66)	0.003
GP vs FDR	0.72 (0.36, 1.41)	0.33
Sex (female vs male)	0.73 (0.38, 1.39)	0.34

Accelerated failure time model analysis for time from seroconversion to spread to additional autoantibodies, progression to diabetes or reversion to autoantibody-negative status Acceleration factor >1 indicates slowing of rate. Acceleration factor <1 indicates increased rate of change

AA, African-American; FDR, participant with first-degree relative; GP, general population participant; NHW, non-Hispanic white