Table 2. Empirical Power of LMM, MASTOR and CARAT with Population Admixture.

% Variance due toa		Empirical Power of
Ancestry	Covariates	LMM	MASTOR	CARAT
0%	100%	.70	.70	.79
20%	80%	.59	.64	.64
40%	60%	.64	.69	.69
60%	40%	.59	.66	.69
80%	20%	.62	.71	.74
100%	0%	.58	.67	.70

Empirical power is based on 5,000 replicates, so an upper bound for the standard error is .007 for every entry in the table.

^aThe percentages are defined to be the variance, on the liability scale, explained by either the ancestry effects or the covariate effects, divided by the total variance explained by the two types of effects, indicating the relative impact of ancestry versus covariates on the phenotype.