Table 5. Comparison Between 28 Young Japanese Women Whose Post-Breakfast Plasma Glucose (PG) Returned to Levels Below the Fasting PG (A) and 7 Women Whose Post-Breakfast PG Never Fell Below the Fasting PG Concentration (B).
| B, mean ± SD | A, mean ± SD | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Athletes (n, %) | 4 (57.1) | 13 (46.4) | 0.691 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.3 ± 1.5 | 22.0 ± 2.6 | 0.489 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 71.4 ± 4.2 | 74.4 ± 6.6 | 0.268 |
| Fat mass index (kg/m2) | 5.42 ± 1.32 | 5.87 ± 2.16 | 0.606 |
| Percentage body fat (%) | 25.8 ± 6.0 | 26.5 ± 6.9 | 0.827 |
| Trunk/leg fat mass | 1.24 ± 0.16 | 1.21 ± 0.27 | 0.799 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) 0 min | 82 ± 4 | 84 ± 5 | 0.273 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) 30 min | 111 ± 9 | 105 ± 15 | 0.355 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) 60 min | 95 ± 16 | 82 ± 19 | 0.100 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) 120 min | 90 ± 5 | 70 ± 8 | 0.000 |
| Insulin (µU/mL) 0 min | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 3.8 ± 2.2 | 0.594 |
| Insulin (µU/mL) 30 min | 29.4 ± 15.8 | 34.0 ± 18.4 | 0.554 |
| Insulin (µU/mL) 60 min | 22.4 ± 14.4 | 28.9 ± 17.1 | 0.361 |
| Insulin (µU/mL) 120 min | 14.6 ± 8.5 | 12.0 ± 8.0 | 0.436 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.2 | 0.848 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.67 ± 0.23 | 0.79 ± 0.46 | 0.519 |
| MIR (µU/mg) | 89 ± 36 | 283 ± 366 | 0.014 |
| Adipose IR | 1.90 ± 0.76 | 1.66 ± 1.04 | 0.565 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 6.5 ± 4.1 | 7.1 ± 4.5 | 0.737 |
| Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 10.5 ± 2.7 | 11.4 ± 4.8 | 0.631 |
HOMA: homeostasis model assessment; IR: insulin resistance; MIR: meal-induced insulin response.