Table 3.

Variables associated to PTSD prevalence in breast cancer patients cited by study

Variables	Association to PTSD prevalence	No association to PTSD prevalence
Clinical oncology variables
Time since diagnosis	Swartzman et al (2017)3, Kangas et al (2002)6	Vin-Raviv et al (2013)11, Hahn et al (2015)16
Type of treatment	Swartzman et al (2017)3, Kangas et al (2002)6	Vin-Raviv et al (2013)11, Hahn et al (2015)16
Extent of disease	O’Connor et al (2011)12, Shelby et al (2008)10, Kangas et al (2002)6	Vin-Raviv et al (2013)11, Hahn et al (2015)16
Type of surgery	Shelby et al (2008)10, Kangas et al (2002)6	Vin-Raviv et al (2013)11
Recurrence	Kangas et al (2002)6
Positive cancer family history	Arnaboldi et al (2014)4
Psychological variables
Comorbid psychological disorders	O’Connor et al (2011)12, Mehnert and Koch (2007)9, Higgins and Green (2011)7
Prior life stressors	Kangas et al (2002)6, Hegel et al (2006)8	Perez et al (2014)5
Elevated psychological distress at diagnosis	Hegel et al (2006)8
Emotionally reactive treatment	Kangas et al (2002)6, Elklit and Blum et al (2011)13
Avoidant coping style	Kangas et al (2002)6, Elklit and Blumet al (2011)13, Perez et al (2014)5
Hopelessness/helplessness	Perez et al (2014)5
Type C personality	Perez et al (2014)5
Immature defense style	Elklit and Blum et al (2011)13
Negative affectivity	Elklit and Blum et al (2011)13
Poor social functioning	Kangas et al (2002)6
Reduced physical functioning	O’Connor et al (2011)12
Sociodemographic variables
Race/ethnicity	Wu et al15, Swartzman et al (2017)3, Vin-Raviv et al (2013)11	Hahn et al (2015)16
Age	Swartzman et al (2017)3, Vin-Raviv et al (2013)11, Perez et al (2014)5, Hahn et al (2015)16
Gender	Kangas et al (2002)6	Hahn et al (2015)16
Education	Kangas et al (2002)6
Income	O’Connor et al (2011)12, Hahn et al (2015)16
Employment status		Hahn et al (2015)16

Abbreviation: PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.