Table 2.

Association between growth restriction, prematurity, and obesity

Reference	Population	Major findings
Meas et al54	22–30-year old adults	Adults born SGA were more likely to have insulin-resistance and metabolic syndrome than adults born AGA
Kramer et al55	Children	Children born SGA were shorter and had a lower BMI than children born AGA
Thomas et al56	18–27-year old adults	Adults born prematurely (≤33 weeks) had more total and abdominal adipose tissues and ectopic lipid contents than adults born at term on total body MRI
Sipola-Leppanen et al57	Adults	Adults born prematurely had a higher percentage of body fat and higher rates of metabolic syndrome
Breukhoven et al58	18–24-year old adults	Adults born prematurely had a higher percentage of total, trunk and limb fat mass than adults born at term
Sipola-Leppanen et al59	Adults born prematurely and were VLBW	Premature and VLBW adults had a lower REE, but higher REE/unit of lean body mass than adults born at term
Griffin and Cooke60	12–15-month old children	Preterm infants had higher rates of adiposity at term-corrected gestational age, but they had lower percent body fat mass at the age of 12–15 months when compared with infants born at term

Abbreviations: AGA, appropriate for gestational age; BMI, body mass index; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; REE, resting energy expenditure; SGA, small for gestational age; VLBW, very low birth weight.