Impact of prior N. brasiliensis exposure on cytokine expression the CD11C+ cell subset in the lungs during P. berghei infection. Real-time RT-PCR analysis of mRNA levels for the genes encoding TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-27, IL-18, NOS2, IL-10, TGF-β, Arg1, Ym1, and Fizz1 in lung CD11c+ cells isolated at Days 0, 3, 5, and 8 after infection with P. berghei alone (Pb), N. brasiliensis alone (Nb), or with malaria 13 days after infection with N. brasiliensis (Nb/Pb). Bars show mean relative expression normalized to GAPDH ± SEM derived from 5 BALB/cJ mice/group. * = p <0.05, ** = p <0.01, *** = p <0.001 by two-way ANOVA comparing Nb/Pb to Pb.