Fig. D.2.

Changing the life stage of the insect that affects the density dependence does not affect the rate at which resistance is selected for. In the left column, the model is formulated so that the birth rate is dependent on the density of both adults and larvae in the population; in the central column the birth rate is dependent on the density of adults; in the right hand column the birth rate is dependent on the density of larvae. The carrying capacity in each case is the same. The top row shows the population density of adults and larvae when a single full dose of insecticide is applied, while the bottom row shows the resultant change in resistance in the population with both a full and half dose applied. Other parameters are based on the default model (see Table 1).