Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics of Female Participants by Healthy Lifestyle Scores (n=62,701).
| Healthy lifestyle scores at baseline | p for trend |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 [n=26 (0.0%)] |
1 [n=347 (0.6%)] |
2 [n=3,363 (5.4%)] |
3 [n=14,318 (22.8%)] |
4 [n=31,771 (50.7%)] |
5 [n=12,876 (20.5%)] |
||
| Baseline data | |||||||
| Age (years) | 56.4 (8.4) | 56.2 (9.1) | 60.0 (8.8) | 62.4 (8.1) | 63.9 (7.4) | 65.9 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| History of stroke (%) | 0.0 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 0.03 |
| History of heart disease (%) | 3.8 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 0.31 |
| History of renal failure (%) | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.001 |
| Comorbidities (%) | |||||||
| Hypertension | 53.8 | 39.5 | 43.1 | 43.9 | 37.0 | 37.0 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 11.5 | 7.8 | 9.3 | 8.3 | 5.5 | 6.6 | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 38.5 | 44.1 | 51.9 | 52.6 | 49.8 | 51.1 | 0.05 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.2 (1.9) | 24.6 (4.2) | 25.5 (4.0) | 24.4 (3.8) | 21.8 (2.7) | 21.4 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 127 (16) | 127 (17) | 128 (18) | 128 (17) | 127 (17) | 127 (17) | 0.97 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75 (12) | 75 (10) | 76 (11) | 75 (10) | 74 (10) | 74 (10) | 0.44 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 65 (13) | 64 (17) | 63 (15) | 64 (16) | 67 (16) | 68 (16) | 0.06 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 127 (42) | 125 (35) | 131 (32) | 131 (30) | 129 (29) | 129 (29) | 0.42 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 128 [91, 209] | 113 [79, 166] | 104 [76, 144] | 96 [71, 132] | 88 [66, 119] | 85 [65, 115] | <0.001 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 101 (15) | 97 (16) | 97 (20) | 95 (17) | 93 (14) | 94 (14) | 0.001 |
| Haemoglobin A1c(%) | 5.7 (0.6) | 5.6 (0.6) | 5.7 (0.6) | 5.7 (0.6) | 5.7 (0.5) | 5.7 (0.5) | 0.51 |
| Serum Cr (mg/dL) | 0.57 (0.10) | 0.58 (0.09) | 0.59 (0.09) | 0.59 (0.08) | 0.60 (0.08) | 0.60 (0.08) | 0.01 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 87 (17) | 84 (17) | 81 (15) | 80 (14) | 79 (14) | 77 (13) | <0.001 |
| Follow-up data | |||||||
| Healthy lifestyle scores in 2009 (%) | |||||||
| 0 | 30.8 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 1 | 23.1 | 44.7 | 3.4 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 2 | 38.5 | 38.6 | 47.3 | 7.8 | 0.7 | 0.1 | |
| 3 | 3.8 | 13.8 | 37.9 | 57.9 | 12.8 | 3.5 | |
| 4 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 10.4 | 30.3 | 71.4 | 35.3 | |
| 5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 3.8 | 15.1 | 61.1 | |
| Incidence of proteinuria (%) | 0.0 | 4.3 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
Numbers are mean (standard deviation) or proportion. For triglycerides, median and the 25th and 75th percentile are shown.
BMI: body mass index, BP: blood pressure, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, FPG: fasting plasma glucose, Cr: creatinine, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate