Table 4.

Risk factors for Campylobacter infections in children <5 years of age.

Exposure	Cases Exposed % (n)	Controls Exposed % (n)	aORa (95% CIb)	Population Attributable Fraction % (95% CIb)
Had contact with sand (in a sandbox or similar)c	85.5 (94/110)	76.5 (643/841)	1.9 (1.0–3.5)	39 (0–63)
Prepared poultry meat (fresh or packaged) in household*	78.0 (85/109)	61.8 (525/850)	2.0 (1.2–3.4)	38 (11–56)
Had contact with poultry (animal)***	24.1 (26/108)	6.2 (52/835)	5.2 (2.9–9.5)	22 (17–24)
Migrant background**	13.7 (16/117)	11.6 (100/862)	2.7 (1.4–5.5)	10 (4–13)

Case-control study, Germany, 2011–2014. The proportion of exposed cases and controls is based on the number of cases and controls with complete answers in univariable analysis (without adjustment for age group, sex, federal state). Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were determined in multivariable logistic regression analysis (adjusted for age group (0–2 years, 3–4 years), sex; federal state; 90 cases and 762 controls with complete answers for all variables in the final model). No factors were negatively associated with disease in the final model. ^aAdjusted odds ratio. ^bConfidence interval. ^c P = 0.054. *Indicates P < 0.05. **Indicates P < 0.01. ***Indicates P < 0.001.