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. 2017 Jul 12;8:1229. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01229

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Copyright © 2017 Yan, Wang, Fu and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The observation of autophagosomes. Autophagosomes labeled by GFP-ATG8a in root cells of GFP-ATG8a plants with incubation in 1 μM CA. (A) Normal seedlings. (B) Starved seedlings for 2 h. (C) Starved seedlings for 2.5 h. (D) Starved seedlings for 2 h stimulated by 6% D-glucose for 0.5 h. (E) Quantification of the GFP-ATG8a-labeled autophagosomes per cell. Root cells at the indicated times was used to calculate the autophagic activity. The mean and SD values were calculated from roots of six seedlings per time point. Results in three parallel experiments were used for the quantification. The asterisks indicate significant differences from the starved seedlings treated with D-glucose for 0 h. Scale bars, 10 μm (^∗∗P < 0.01).