Table 2. Healthcare utilization and medical cost according to the presence or absence of chronic airway disease.
| Variables | ACOS (n=258) | COPD (n=982) | Asthma (n=672) | NAD (n=9,744) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Used days | |||||
| Total | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 60.2±50.77 | 44.5±41.68 | 43.3±41.25 | 32.7±35.45 | <0.001‡ |
| Yes, n (%) | 253 (98.1) | 947 (96.4) | 652 (97.0) | 9,293 (95.4) | 0.020† |
| No, n (%) | 5 (1.9) | 35 (3.6) | 20 (3.0) | 451 (4.6) | |
| Outpatients | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 57.1±49.06 | 42.5±40.29 | 40.8±38.63 | 31.4±33.99 | <0.001‡ |
| Yes, n (%) | 253 (98.1) | 945 (96.2) | 651 (96.9) | 9,290 (95.3) | 0.034† |
| No, n (%) | 5 (1.9) | 37 (3.8) | 21 (3.1) | 454 (4.7) | |
| Inpatients* | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 14.6±21.17 | 12.8±20.04 | 14.4±25.16 | 11.0±19.05 | 0.165‡ |
| Yes, n (%) | 54 (20.9) | 155 (15.8) | 120 (17.9) | 1,100 (11.3) | <0.001† |
| No, n (%) | 204 (79.1) | 827 (84.2) | 552 (82.1) | 8,644 (88.7) | |
| Emergency room | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 1.2±0.41 | 1.2±0.71 | 1.2±0.51 | 1.2±0.49 | 0.879‡ |
| Yes, n (%) | 24 (9.3) | 71 (7.2) | 44 (6.5) | 502 (5.2) | 0.001† |
| No, n (%) | 234 (90.7) | 911 (92.8) | 628 (93.5) | 9,242 (94.8) | |
| Hospital type | |||||
| Clinics | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 57.4±49.16 | 42.6±40.29 | 41.0±38.74 | 31.6±5.02 | <0.001‡ |
| Yes, n (%) | 253 (98.1) | 947 (96.4) | 652 (97.0) | 9,293 (95.4) | 0.020† |
| No, n (%) | 5 (1.9) | 35 (3.6) | 20 (3.0) | 451 (4.6) | |
| Tertiary medical center | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 6.5±6.86 | 5.9±7.16 | 6.3±9.46 | 4.4±5.02 | <0.001‡ |
| Yes, n (%) | 116 (45.0) | 384 (39.1) | 277 (41.2) | 3,147 (32.3) | <0.001† |
| No, n (%) | 142 (55.0) | 598 (60.9) | 395 (58.8) | 6,597 (67.7) | |
| Medical cost: mean ± SD** | |||||
| Total | 1,629±2,139 | 1,303±2,151 | 1,287±2,233 | 830±1,637 | <0.001‡ |
| Outpatients | 1,221±1,162 | 953±1,314 | 951±1,644 | 645±1,123 | <0.001‡ |
| Inpatients* | 1,909±2,582 | 2,154±2,881 | 1,834±2,615 | 1,561±2,339 | 0.025‡ |
| Type of hospital (cost) | |||||
| Clinics | 1,179±18,152 | 925±1,311 | 936±1,515 | 626±1,035 | <0.001‡ |
| Tertiary medical center | 982±2,517 | 937±2,192 | 841±2,173 | 608±1,923 | 0.002‡ |
*, inpatients included the use of emergency room and hospitalization; **, unit, US dollar; †, Chi-square test; ‡, ANOVA. ACOS, asthma COPD overlap syndrome; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NAD, no airway disease.