Table 2.

Clinical symptoms and signs of patients in dengue outbreaks.

Variables	No. studies meta-analyzed	Meta-analysis, pooled data (95% CI)*
CONSTITUTIONAL
Fever	88	98.1 (97.2–98.7)
Chills	14	65.3 (58.3–71.6)
Myalgia	65	64.2 (58.1–69.8)
Arthralgia	53	53.6 (46.0–61.0)
Lethargy	5	67.1 (32.6–89.6)
Malaise	9	76.0 (64.1–84.9)
Asthenia	6	74.3 (45.8–90.8)
Body-ache	13	67.2 (55.2–77.3)
Back pain	9	57.3 (32.2–79.1)
Sore throat	12	19.7 (13.4–28.1)
Eye pain	6	27.8 (13.7–48.1)
Retro-orbital pain	38	35.1 (27.0–44.2)
Lymphadenopathy	13	9.2 (4.4–18.2)
GASTROINTESTINAL
Vomiting	36	39.8 (35.0–44.9)
Nausea	22	42.0 (34.0–50.4)
Diarrhea	36	20.7 (17.3–24.7)
Anorexia	17	47.8 (34.9–61.0)
Ascites	25	10.2 (5.3–18.8)
Icterus/Jaundice	13	2.8 (1.5–5.2)
Abdominal pain	61	32.4 (27.9–37.2)
Hepatomegaly	41	18.9 (12.7–27.1)
Splenomegaly	20	7.7 (5.2–11.3)
Hepatosplenomegaly	5	17.5 (8.3–33.3)
MUCOCUTANEOUS
Rash	83	29.6 (26.1–33.3)
Pruritus	5	24.1 (19.8–29.0)
Exanthema	5	33.7 (11.2–67.1)
Itching eruption	6	24.0 (18.7–30.2)
CARDIORESPIRATORY
Cough	29	22.9 (17.8–28.8)
Pleural effusion	23	8.3 (4.5–14.9)
Myocarditis	5	5.7 (1.2–22.5)
Hypotension	14	12.5 (7.7–19.7)
Respiratory disorders	13	8.7 (5.3–13.9)
NEUROLOGICAL
Headache	83	75.7 (69.5–81.0)
Dizziness	9	22.8 (11.7–39.7)
Seizure	7	2.7 (1.8–3.9)**
Shock	12	9.5 (4.2–20.0)
Convulsion	5	6.1 (2.9–12.5)
Encephalopathy	8	5.0 (1.9–12.4)
HEMORRHAGIC MANIFESTATIONS
Gingivorrhagia	16	9.7 (6.0–15.2)
Epistaxis	25	11.8 (7.6–17.9)
Hematuria	16	5.0 (3.0–8.1)
Melena	13	16.9 (8.1–31.8)
Petechiae	30	22.3 (16.5–29.3)
Hematemesis	18	13.4 (8.0–21.6)
Bleeding/Hemorrhagic manifestations	58	25.8 (21.0–31.1)

^*Random-effects model unless otherwise specified.

^**Fixed-effects model.