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. 2017 Jul 12;8:750. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00750

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Copyright © 2017 Carrillo, Fernandez, Ibarra-Meneses, Santos, Nico, de Luca, Correa, de Almeida, Moreno and Palatnik-de-Sousa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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F1 significantly enhances the lymphoproliferative response of cured and asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients. (A) A preliminary screening of the specific proliferation to F1, F2, F3, and NH36 antigens was performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cured VL patients and negative endemic controls (EC) (n = 14–16). (B) Anti-NH36 and anti-F1 proliferative responses were assessed in EC (n = 13), asymptomatic subjects (Asympt) (n = 11), cured cutaneous leishmaniasis (CCL) (n = 8), and cured VL patients (CVL) (n = 10). (C) Soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) proliferative responses was assessed in EC (n = 10), asymptomatic subjects (Asympt) (n = 10), CCL (n = 8), and cured VL patients (CVL) (n = 10). Each symbol represents one individual; bars represent the mean of the experimental groups. Mann–Whitney test was used to compare clinical groups (*p ≤ 0.05).