Table 2. Associations between risk factors and ULLA scores.

	Total severity		Proximal		Distal
	Univariate OR	Multivariate OR	Univariate OR	Multivariate OR	Univariate OR	Multivariate OR
Age (1 year)	1.08 (1.06, 1.10)	—	1.07 (1.05, 1.09)	—	1.10 (1.08, 1.13)	—
Male gender	4.17 (2.74, 6.34)	—	3.99 (2.61, 6.09)	—	3.21 (2.10, 4.93)	—
BMIa (1 kg m−2)	0.97 (0.93, 1.02)	—	0.97 (0.93, 1.02)	—	0.97 (0.92, 1.02)	—
Packs per year (1U)	1.03 (1.02, 1.04)	1.02 (1.02, 1.03)	1.03 (1.02, 1.04)	1.03 (1.02, 1.04)	1.02 (1.01, 1.03)	1.02 (1.01, 1.03)
Smoking statusb
Former	2.73 (1.76, 4.25)	1.62 (0.95, 2.78)	2.71 (1.74, 4.22)	1.61 (0.94, 2.75)	1.87 (1.19, 2.92)	1.14 (0.65, 2.00)
Active	1.94 (1.10, 3.44)	2.65 (1.40, 5.01)	2.10 (1.17, 3.76)	2.77 (1.45, 5.29)	1.03 (0.57, 1.87)	1.58 (0.81, 3.11)
Hypertension	2.91 (1.87, 4.53)	2.23 (1.40, 3.57)	2.96 (1.90, 4.63)	2.26 (1.41, 3.63)	2.65 (1.68, 4.18)	1.90 (1.17, 3.10)
Diabetes	2.36 (1.55, 3.58)	1.94 (1.24, 3.02)	2.13 (1.40, 3.25)	1.75 (1.12, 2.73)	2.71 (1.75, 4.20)	2.41 (1.50, 3.87)
Dyslipidemia	1.34 (0.90, 2.00)	1.52 (1.01, 2.30)	1.48 (0.99, 2.22)	1.62 (1.08, 2.45)	1.04 (0.69, 1.57)	1.05 (0.68, 1.61)
CV family history	1.00 (0.62, 1.61)	1.63 (0.99, 2.67)	0.94 (0.59, 1.52)	1.38 (0.85, 2.26)	0.96 (0.59, 1.57)	1.76 (1.04, 2.96)
Sedentary	1.82 (1.18, 2.83)	1.77 (1.12, 2.81)	1.41 (0.91, 2.19)	1.30 (0.82, 2.07)	2.26 (1.42, 3.58)	2.21 (1.34, 3.64)
CV events	3.33 (2.07, 5.36)	1.95 (1.17, 3.23)	3.69 (2.28, 5.99)	2.22 (1.33, 3.72)	2.98 (1.83, 4.83)	1.77 (1.04, 3.00)

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CV, cardiovascular; OR, odds ratio; ULLA, ultrasonographic lower limbs atherosclerosis.

^aMultivariate models adjusted for age, gender and BMI.

^bReference group, never smoked.