Table 4. Associations between risk factors and ULLA scores among participants with no symptoms.
|
Total severity |
Proximal |
Distal |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate OR | Multivariate OR | Univariate OR | Multivariate OR | Univariate OR | Multivariate OR | |
| Age (1 year) | 1.08 (1.05, 1.10) | — | 1.07 (1.05, 1.10) | — | 1.11 (1.08, 1.13) | — |
| Male gender | 3.72 (2.37, 5.83) | — | 3.92 (2.48, 6.20) | — | 3.06 (1.92, 4.88) | — |
| BMIa (1 kg m−2) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.04) | — | 0.99 (0.95, 1.04) | — | 0.98 (0.94, 1.04) | — |
| Packs per year (1 U) | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) |
| Smoking statusb | ||||||
| Former | 2.54 (1.58, 4.07) | 1.55 (0.87, 2.75) | 2.55 (1.58, 4.09) | 1.48 (0.84, 2.61) | 1.80 (1.11, 2.93) | 1.08 (0.59, 1.97) |
| Active | 1.48 (0.80, 2.72) | 2.18 (1.11, 4.27) | 1.65 (0.88, 3.09) | 2.44 (1.23, 4.86) | 0.75 (0.39, 1.44) | 1.25 (0.60, 2.58) |
| Hypertension | 3.03 (1.90, 4.84) | 2.17 (1.32, 3.59) | 3.01 (1.88, 4.82) | 2.12 (1.28, 3.52) | 2.76 (1.69, 4.51) | 1.83 (1.08, 3.11) |
| Diabetes | 2.87 (1.81, 4.57) | 2.26 (1.38, 3.70) | 2.43 (1.53, 3.87) | 1.85 (1.13, 3.03) | 3.52 (2.16, 5.74) | 2.91 (1.72, 4.93) |
| Dyslipidemia | 1.45 (0.94, 2.23) | 1.54 (0.99, 2.40) | 1.53 (0.99, 2.36) | 1.53 (0.98, 2.39) | 1.09 (0.70, 1.71) | 1.06 (0.66, 1.69) |
| CV family history | 0.87 (0.52, 1.4) | 1.46 (0.86, 2.47) | 0.80 (0.48, 1.32) | 1.20 (0.72, 2.02) | 0.91 (0.54, 1.53) | 1.75 (1.01, 3.05) |
| Sedentary | 2.07 (1.27, 3.36) | 1.96 (1.17, 3.28) | 1.53 (0.95, 2.48) | 1.35 (0.81, 2.25) | 2.32 (1.39, 3.86) | 2.17 (1.25, 3.76) |
| CV events | 3.50 (2.06, 5.96) | 2.15 (1.22, 3.78) | 4.20 (2.43, 7.27) | 2.49 (1.39, 4.45) | 3.35 (1.95, 5.74) | 2.10 (1.17, 3.77) |
Abbreviations: ULLA, ultrasonographic lower limbs atherosclerosis; BMI, body mass index; CV, cardiovascular; OR, odds ratio.
a
Multivariate models adjusted for age, gender and BMI.
b
Reference group, never smoked.