Table S3. Assessment of quality of included studies.
Study | Research questions clearly stated | Study population/database clearly specified | Study period >3 years | Provided size justification/ power description/adequate patient volume (>1,000) | Overall Hospital/Surgeon volume reported | Adequate hospitals (>20)/surgeons (>20) included | Outcome measures clearly defined, reliable and implemented consistently | Outcomes adjusted for confounders | Overall quality rating | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liu | 2015 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | |
Leonard | 2014 | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | ||
Kolfschoten | 2014 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | |
Richardson | 2013 | • | • | • | • | • | B | |||
Hohenberger | 2013 | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | ||
Mroczkowski | 2011 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | |
Borowski | 2010 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | |
Yasunaga | 2009 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | |
Yasunaga | 2009 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | |
Kressner | 2009 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A |
Boudourakis | 2009 | • | • | • | • | • | B | |||
Truong | 2008 | • | • | • | • | • | B | |||
Ptok | 2007 | • | • | • | • | B | ||||
Bilingsley | 2007 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A |
Ho | 2006 | • | • | • | • | • | B | |||
Matthiessen | 2006 | • | • | • | • | B | ||||
Rogers | 2006 | • | • | • | C | |||||
Renzulli | 2006 | • | • | • | C | |||||
Wibe | 2005 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | |
McGrath | 2005 | • | • | • | • | • | B | |||
Kuhry | 2005 | • | • | • | • | • | B | |||
Harling | 2005 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A |
Engel | 2005 | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | ||
Urbach | 2004 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A |
Meyerhardt | 2004 | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | ||
McArdle & Hole | 2004 | • | • | • | • | B | ||||
Zingmond | 2003 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A |
Schrag | 2003 | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | ||
Meyerhardt | 2003 | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | ||
Hodgson | 2003 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A |
Schrag | 2002 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A |
Callahan | 2003 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | |
Finlayson | 2003 | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | ||
Martling | 2002 | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | ||
Ko | 2002 | • | • | • | • | B | ||||
Hannan | 2002 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | |
Birkmeyer | 2002 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | |
Marusch | 2001 | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | ||
Simunovic | 2000 | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | ||
Parry | 1999 | • | • | • | • | B | ||||
Harmon | 1999 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | |
Khuri | 1999 | • | • | • | • | • | • | A | ||
Gordon | 1999 | • | • | • | • | • | B | |||
Kee | 1999 | • | • | • | • | B | ||||
Porter | 1998 | • | • | • | • | • | B | |||
Simons | 1997 | • | • | • | • | • | B | |||
Holm | 1997 | • | • | • | • | • | B |
A, good; B, fair; C, poor.