Table 1. Potential biologic targets in esophageal, esophagogastric, and gastric malignancies, and the agents that have been evaluated to date.

Biologic target	Targeted agents evaluated for esophageal, EGJ, and gastric malignancies
HER-2	Trastuzumab approved in 1st-line;
	Negative studies with lapatinib and T-DM1 (trastuzumab emtansine) in 2nd-line;
	Pertuzumab remains under investigation (JACOB trial, TRAP trial)
EGFR	Multiple negative studies with cetuximab and panitumumab in a variety of clinical settings
VEGF and VEGFR	Ramucirumab approved in 2nd-line;
	Negative 1st-line studies with ramucirumab, ziv-aflibercept and bevacizumab;
	Positive phase III study of apatinib in the refractory setting
c-MET	Negative 1st-line studies with foretinib, onartuzumab, and rilotumumab
mTOR	Negative 2nd-line study with everolimus
PD-1	Pembrolizumab and nivolumab with promising phase I/II trials, need to be evaluated with phase III study